Obstructive Airway Disease

Question 1

3 components of asthma

Answer 1

1. Reversible airflow obstruction
2. Hypersensitivity
3. Inflammation

Question 2

What do TH2 cells produce?

Answer 2

IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13

Question 3

What is the primary component of asthma?

Answer 3

Eosinophils

Question 4

Which drugs are often triggers for asthma?

Answer 4

B-blockers or NSAIDs

Question 5

Where does obstructive disease occur?

Answer 5

Airways

Question 6

What does asthma respond well to?

Answer 6

Corticosteroids and bronchodilators

Question 7

Is gas exchange effected by asthma?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

2 components of COPD

Answer 8

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 9

Emphysema

Answer 9

Alveolar wall destruction

Question 10

Bronchitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the mucus membrane in the bronchial tube

Question 11

What does smoking do to the airways?

Answer 11

1. Mucocilliary dysfunction
2. Inflammation
3. Tissue damage

Question 12

ACOS

Answer 12

Asthma/COPD overlapping syndrome = COPD with eosinophilic involvement and a degree of reversibility

Question 13

High risk COPD patient

Answer 13

2 or more exacerbations in under a year or an FEV1 <50% predicted value

Question 14

Effects of COPD (COPD cascade)

Answer 14

Progressive airflow obstruction
Impaired alveolar gas exchange
Respiratory failure
Cor Pumonale

Question 15

What is obstructive airway syndrome?

Answer 15

Asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 16

What is the primary component of COPD?

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

What do neutrophils secrete?

Answer 17

Proteases

Question 18

How should ICS’s be used in COPD?

Answer 18

As a combined therapy - ICS/LABA

Question 19

When are chromones used?

Answer 19

Asthma

Question 20

What do leukotrienes work on?

Answer 20

Eosinophils

Question 21

What does SMART stand for?

Answer 21

Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy

Question 22

Give an example of a smart inhaler (ICS/LABA)

Answer 22

Fluticasone/salmeterol

Question 23

When should PDE4 inhibitors be used?

Answer 23

In COPD to reduce exacerbations - use with LABA or LAMA

Question 24

Example of mucolytics

Answer 24

Oral carbocistine, erosteine

Question 25

Acute asthma treatment

Answer 25

Oxygen
Salbutamol novelised
Hydrocortisone IV or oral prednisone
Ipratropium nebuliser 
Theophylline 
Methylxanthine - aminophylline 
Anaesthetist

Question 26

COPD Treatment

Answer 26

SAMA
SAMA + LAMA
SAMA + LAMA = ICS

Question 27

Acute COPD treatment

Answer 27

Nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium
Oral prednisolone
Antibiotics
Physio to aid sputum regurgitation