Clinical Flashcards
(45 cards)
Upper respiratory tract infections
Common cold
Pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Epiglottitis
Lower respiratory tract infections
Acute bronchitis Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis/ COPD Pneumonia Influenza Fungal infection
Coryza
Acute viral infection of the nasal passages
Often accompanied by sore throat
Sometimes mild fever
Spread by droplets and fomites
Viruses causing coryza
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Acute sinusitis
Preceded by common cold Frontal headache, Retro-orbital pain, Maxillary sinus pain, Tooth ache, Discharge
Diphteria
Bacterial infection
Produces toxin
Life threatening
Acute bronchitis
Productive cough Fever – minority of cases Normal chest examination Normal chest X-ray May have a transient wheeze
Rhinovirus incubation time
1-5 days
Group A streptococci incubation time
1-5 days
Influenza and para influenza virus incubation time
1-4 days
RSV virus incubation time
7 days
Pertussis incubation time
7-21 days
Diphtheria incubation time
1-10 days
Epstein-Barr Virus incubation time
4-6 weeks
Pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection, with a new infiltrate on a CXR
CURB 65 Severity Score
C new onset of Confusion U Urea >7 R Respiratory rate >30/min B Blood pressure Systolic <90,Diastolic <61 65 Aged 65 or older
Score 1 point for each above
Only applies to community acquired pneumonia
Other severity markers for pneumonia
Temperature <35 or >40
Cyanosis PaO2 <8kPa
WBC <4 or>30
Multi-lobar involvement
Complications of pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Death
Cases of pneumonia (4)
Community acquired
Hospital acquired
Aspiration pneumonia
Legionella
Aetiology of classical flu
Influenza A virus
Influenza B virus
Aetiology of flu-like illnesses
Parainfluenza viruses
many others
Aetiology of Haemophilus influenzae
Bacterium
‘Flu complications
Primary influenzal pneumonia Secondary bacterial pneumonia Bronchitis Otitis media Pregnancy complications
Causes of community acquired pneumonia (other than flu)
Microbiological causes:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydia