clinical

Question 1

acute allergic rhinitis symptoms

Answer 1

Immediate; sneezing, itching, nasal blockage, rhinorrhoea

Question 2

delayed allergic rhinitis symptoms

Answer 2

late; chronic obstruction, hyposmia, hyperreactivity

Question 3

allergic rhinitis investigations

Answer 3

Skin test
RAST: presence and levels of allergen specific IgE
blood tests 
nasal cytology
total IgE

Question 4

allergic rhinitis treatment

Answer 4

Allergen avoidance
systemic steroids
topical steroids
antihistamines
sodium cromoglycate
immunotherapy
anti – IgE

Question 5

nasal polyps signs and symptoms

Answer 5

Obstruction
discharge
Epistaxis
pain
deformity
anosmia
sneezing

Question 6

nasal polyps investigations

Answer 6

Endoscopy 
blood tests
CT
MRI
skin 
rhinomanometry
nasal smear

Question 7

nasal polyps treatment

Answer 7

High dose prednisolone and nasal steroids
immunotherapy
polypectomy
micro-debrider
sinus surgery

Question 8

epistaxis treatment

Answer 8

ABC’S
IV 
pinch soft part
nasal packs
sphenopalatine artery ligation etc 
embolization
laser ablation

Question 9

auricular haematoma signs

Answer 9

Ear pain
itchiness
discharge
temporary hearing loss

Question 10

treatment for auricular haematoma

Answer 10

Incision + drainage
pressure dressing
antibiotics

Question 11

investigations for auricular haematoma

Answer 11

Physical examination
needle biopsy for blood or pus
X-ray

Question 12

otitis externa symptoms and signs

Answer 12

Ear pain
itchiness
discharge
temporary hearing loss

Question 13

otitis externa treatment

Answer 13

Antibiotics steroid ear drops + suction

Question 14

tympanosclerosis management

Answer 14

nothing, asymptomatic benign finding

Question 15

chronic suppurative otitis media symptoms

Answer 15

Otorrhoea
conductive hearing loss
fever
vertigo
otalgia

Question 16

signs of chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 16

Oedema
discharge
granulation tissue
erythematous

Question 17

investigations for chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 17

Audiogram
CT
MRI

Question 18

treatment for chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 18

Micro suction
topical antibiotics
keep ear dry

Question 19

complications for chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 19

Dead ear
facial palsy
meningitis
brain abscess

Question 20

perforation of the tympanic membrane symptoms

Answer 20

Whistling sound during nose blowing

asymptomatic

Question 21

perforation of the tympanic membrane signs

Answer 21

Recurrent infections

hearing loss

Question 22

perforation of the tympanic membrane investigation

Answer 22

Otoscopy

screening tympanometry

Question 23

treatment for perforation of the tympanic membrane

Answer 23

Water precautions

~myringoplasty

Question 24

cholesteatoma signs and symptoms

Answer 24

Tinnitus
dizziness
ear infection
fullness sensation
weakness
hearing loss
persistent offensive otorrhea

Question 25

cholesteatoma investigations

Answer 25

CT/MRI

Question 26

cholesteatoma treatment

Answer 26

mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty

Question 27

osteosclerosis signs

Answer 27

Conductive hearing loss | normal tympanic membrane

Question 28

osteosclerosis investigations

Answer 28

Audiometry tympanometry CT

Question 29

osteosclerosis treatment

Answer 29

hearing aid or stapedectomy

Question 30

benign positional vertigo signs

Answer 30

Vertigo during changes in head position | nystagmus

Question 31

benign positional vertigo diagnosis

Answer 31

dix-hallpike test

Question 32

benign positional vertigo treatment

Answer 32

Epley manoeuvre

Question 33

Meniere's disease signs and symptoms

Answer 33

duration hours | Spontaneous vertigo, associated unilateral hearing loss, tinnitius

Question 34

Meniere's disease investigations

Answer 34

``` Audiometry ECog test auditory brainstem response balance tests rotary test VEMP MRI/CT electronystagmography ```

Question 35

Meniere's disease treatment

Answer 35

Bendroflumethazide intratympanic dexamethasone intratympanic gentamicin

Question 36

vestibular neuritis symptoms and signs

Answer 36

lasts days the hearing loss Spontaneous vertigo associated unilateral hearing loss nystagmus

Question 37

vestibular neuritis investigations

Answer 37

Vestibular balance test, hearing test, head thrust test, | MRI

Question 38

acute vestibular neuritis treatment

Answer 38

sedatives

Question 39

chronic vestibular neuritis treatment

Answer 39

rehab

Question 40

facial nerve palsy symptoms

Answer 40

Unilateral face condition twisted visage whole side of face affected

Question 41

facial nerve palsy signs

Answer 41

Cannot close eyes or wrinkle brow | middle ear involvement

Question 42

facial nerve palsy investigations

Answer 42

Presence of symptoms blood tests X-ray CT

Question 43

facial nerve palsy treatment

Answer 43

steroids and eye care

Question 44

hearing loss child signs

Answer 44

``` Speech Problems Behaviour issues delivery issues infection ```

Question 45

thyroglossal cysts signs and symptoms

Answer 45

Moves on tongue protrusion | grows with age

Question 46

thyroglossal cyst investigation

Answer 46

US

Question 47

pharyngeal pouch signs and symptoms

Answer 47

Voice hoarseness, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, regurgitation, weight loss, neoplasia

Question 48

investigations in for a pharyngeal pouch

Answer 48

barium swallow

Question 49

pharyngeal pouch treatment

Answer 49

excision

Question 50

parathyroid disease inv.

Answer 50

Urea, electrolytes, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate, vit D, US, MRI, isotope scan

Question 51

branchial cyst signs and symptoms

Answer 51

Trans illuminates anterior to SCM at junction between upper and middle thirds may be enlarged and infected

Question 52

branchial cysts treatment

Answer 52

excision

Question 53

grave's disease signs and symptoms

Answer 53

Thyroid eye disease, clubbing, pre-tibial myxoedema

Question 54

grave's disease investigations

Answer 54

Thyroid function tests XCR Fine needle aspiration and biopsy + US

Question 55

grave's disease treatment

Answer 55

Anti-thyroids, beta blockade, radio-iodine and surgery