general

Question 1

upper respiratory allergy name

Answer 1

Rhinitis

Question 2

type 1 hypersensitivity sensitization description

Answer 2

plasma cells produce IgE and bind to mast cells

Question 3

type 1 hypersensitivity what do mast cells release upon re-exposure

Answer 3

histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and chemotactic factors

Question 4

ARIA classification of intermittent rhinitis

Answer 4

<4 days per week or <4 consecutive weeks

Question 5

moderate-severe rhinitis in the ARIA classification is the following

Answer 5

sleep disturbance
impairment of activities
troublesome symptoms

Question 6

level 6 of allergy is IgE levels of what kU/L

Answer 6

> 100 very high sensitivity

Question 7

do filiform papillae contain taste buds?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

6-18 months suitable test for hearing loss

Answer 8

distraction test

Question 9

12 months to 3 years appropriate test for hearing loss

Answer 9

visual reinforced audiometry

Question 10

3-5 years assessment for hearing loss

Answer 10

play audiometry

Question 11

4+ years for assessment for a child with hearing loss

Answer 11

pure tone audiometry

Question 12

objective assessments of auditory systems

Answer 12

otoacoustic emissions
auditory brain stem responses
tympanometry

Question 13

microbiology of acute otitis media in a child

Answer 13

haemophilus influenza, strep pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 14

sinuses most likely affected in 0-4 months

Answer 14

ethmoid + maxillary

Question 15

3y-7y sinuses most likely to be affected

Answer 15

sphenoid

Question 16

8y to adolescent most likely to be affected sinus

Answer 16

frontal

Question 17

tonsillitis bacterial causes

Answer 17

b haem

strep b

Question 18

viral causes of tonsillitis

Answer 18

EBV

Question 19

WHO definition of health

Answer 19

health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 20

leading cause of blindness internationally is

Answer 20

cataracts

Question 21

trachoma is

Answer 21

bacterial infection of the eye due to washing with dirt water

Question 22

treatment to trachoma is SAFE

Answer 22

surgery, antibiotics, facewashing and environment

Question 23

riverside blindness is caused by

Answer 23

blackfly

Question 24

2nd leading cause of death globally is

Answer 24

stroke

Question 25

SCALP

Answer 25

``` Skin connective tissue aponeurosis loose connective tissue pericranium ```

Question 26

pericranium is attached to bones by fibres called

Answer 26

connective tissue fibres called Sharpey's fibres

Question 27

elevators of the upper lip

Answer 27

zygomaticus minor levator labii superioris nasalis zygomaticus major

Question 28

depressors of the lip

Answer 28

depressor labii inferioris platysma depressor anguli oris mentalis

Question 29

retractors of the angle of the mouth

Answer 29

zygomaticus major depressor anguli oris risorius platysma

Question 30

nasal muscles

Answer 30

``` nasalis levator labii, superioris alaeque nasi levator labii superioris zygomaticus minor procerus ```

Question 31

how many recognised facial emotions are there

Answer 31

21

Question 32

neck lump examination

Answer 32

``` size site shape sore skin stuck soft ```

Question 33

neck lump history

Answer 33

``` how long site fluctuation sore H&N symptoms travel ```

Question 34

complications of a central line

Answer 34

``` pneumothorax air embolism thrombosis haematoma cardia tamponade false passage chylothorax sepsis line blockage ```

Question 35

indications for a central line

Answer 35

``` central venous pressure fluid resuscitation drug admin cardiac pacing blood sampling I.V nutrition haemodialysis ```

Question 36

calcitonin function

Answer 36

lowers calcium and raises phosphate

Question 37

thyroglossal cyst is a ..

Answer 37

dilatation of thyroglossal duct remnant

Question 38

4 types of thyroid cancer

Answer 38

papillary - lymphatic follicular - haematogenous medullary - familial anaplastic - aggressive local

Question 39

colloid goitre causes

Answer 39

hyperplasia, iodine deficiency, puberty, pregnancy, lactation

Question 40

thyroidectomy indications

Answer 40

``` airway obstruction malignancy thyrotoxicosis cosmesis retrosternal extension ```

Question 41

complications of a thyroidectomy

Answer 41

``` bleeding hoarseness thyroid storm infection hypoparathyroidism hypothyroidism scare ```

Question 42

toxic goitre signs

Answer 42

older, no eye signs, atrial fibrillation

Question 43

parathyroid cancer most likely to be

Answer 43

adenoma for 80% of hyperparathyroidism

Question 44

parathyroid disease signs

Answer 44

painful tones aching bones psychic moans abdominal groans

Question 45

parathyroid glands regulate

Answer 45

calcium and phosphate

Question 46

branchial cysts can be detected because they

Answer 46

transilluminate

Question 47

nasal function is essential in neonates because

Answer 47

obligate nasal breathers

Question 48

cartilage receives its blood supply form

Answer 48

the overlaying mucosa

Question 49

the turning of the middle turbinate to the back of the nose to attach to the lateral nasal wall is called (attachment)

Answer 49

ground lamella

Question 50

sphenoid sinus drains via

Answer 50

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 51

external carotid blood supply is via

Answer 51

sphenopalatine greater palatine superior labial

Question 52

internal carotid blood supply is via

Answer 52

A + P ethmoidal

Question 53

common site for epistaxis is

Answer 53

little area

Question 54

what would you expect in conductive hearing loss - Rinne's

Answer 54

bone>air -

Question 55

what would you expect in a sensorineural hearing loss - Rinne's

Answer 55

air>bone +

Question 56

Weber's sensorineural hearing loss R

Answer 56

L>R

Question 57

conductive hearing loss right ear Webers

Answer 57

R>L

Question 58

pure tone audiogram conductive

Answer 58

B>A

Question 59

sensorineural pure tone audiogram findings

Answer 59

B=A

Question 60

complication of auricular haematoma is

Answer 60

cauliflower ear

Question 61

complications of chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 61

dead ear facial palsy meningitis brain abscess

Question 62

differential diagnosis for vertigo

Answer 62

benign positional vertigo Meniere's disease vestibular neuritis migraine

Question 63

intra temporal causes of facial nerve palsy

Answer 63

cholesteatoma

Question 64

extra temporal causes of facial nerve palsy

Answer 64

parotid tumour

Question 65

nasal polyps are associated with which conditions

Answer 65

allergy

Question 66

what percentage of people with nasal polyps have asthma and a alcohol intolerance

Answer 66

20-50% asthma | 50% alcohol

Question 67

high dose prednisolone and nasal steroids will eliminate what percentage of nasal polyps after 20 days

Answer 67

50%

Question 68

chronic rhinosinusitis is after how many weeks?

Answer 68

12 weeks

Question 69

microbiology of acute rhinosinusitis is

Answer 69

31% s.Pneumoniae | H. influenzae

Question 70

antimicrobials for rhinosinusitis

Answer 70

Beta lactams and macrolides

Question 71

clinical conditions of the inner ear that affect balance

Answer 71

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo vestibular neuritis Meniere's disease

Question 72

OPG of the mouth and mandible stands for

Answer 72

orthopantogram