clinical anatomy of lower limb

Question 1

What are the 3 stabilising mechanisms for preventing dislocations?

Answer 1

muscle tension, ligaments and the shape of the bone

Question 2

when does a posterior hip dislocation occur?

Answer 2

Traumatic event, hip is flexed, adducted and medially rotated

Question 3

What nerve is affected in posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 3

Sciatic nerve - originates for L4-S3 anterior rami, leaves pelvis through great sciatic foramen, runs posterior to acetabulum and the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve is most commonly affected

Question 4

What is trendelenburg’s sign?

Answer 4

Inferior movement (drooping) of the contralateral hip when standing on one leg

• due to dysfunctional hip abduction caused by muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 5

Where does gluteus medius and gluteus minimus insert?

Answer 5

Greater trochanter of the femur

Question 6

Where does superior gluteal nerve originate from?

Answer 6

L4-S1 anterior rami - leaves pelvic cavity via the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis

Question 7

What is shentons line?

Answer 7

Follows neck of femur and superior pubic ramus - forms smooth arc in a normal hip

Question 8

When would foot drop occur?

Answer 8

dysfunction of anterior compartment - changes in gait and cause high steppage and foot slap