Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx

Question 1

What is the space between the lips and the teeth known as?

Answer 1

Vestibule

Question 2

List the muscles of the floor of the mouth

Answer 2

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid (above mylohyoid)
Anterior belly of digastric

Question 3

What vein is visible in the floor of the mouth?

Answer 3

Lingual vein

Question 4

Which structure is involved in tongue-tie?

Answer 4

Frenulum

Too short and binds to gingivae of lower incisor teeth

Question 5

Which major salivary gland is usually palpable?

Answer 5

Submandibular gland

Question 6

Where does the parotid gland release secretions into the mouth?

Answer 6

Opposite right 2nd upper molar

Question 7

Where does the submandibular gland release secretions into the mouth?

Answer 7

Sublingual papilla

Question 8

Where does the sublingual gland release secretions into the mouth?

Answer 8

Ducts on sublingual fold

Question 9

Outline the parasympathetic innervation for the three major salivary glands of the mouth

Answer 9

SUBLINGUAL: CNVII chorda tympani
SUBMANDIBULAR CNVII chorda tympani
PAROTID: CNIX (hitches ride on branches of CNV3)

Question 10

What supplies innervation to the anterior 2/3s of the mouth?

Answer 10

General sensory: CNV3

Special sensory: CNVII

Question 11

What supplies innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the mouth?

Answer 11

General and special sensory : CNIX

Question 12

What is the foramen caecum?

Answer 12

Origin of thyroid at apex of terminal groove

Question 13

How do you know neck pathology is in the thyroid gland?

Answer 13

Moves superior to inferior on swallowing

Question 14

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 14

Change position of tongue in mastication/ swallowing

Question 15

List the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 15

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

Question 16

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from?

Answer 16

4 paired muscles from tip of genioglossus

Question 17

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 17

Modify tongue shape during function

Question 18

What is the CNS connection of CNXII?

Answer 18

Medulla oblongata

Question 19

What is the intracranial course of CNXII?

Answer 19

Anterior to hypoglossal canal in PCF

Question 20

What is the extracranial course of CNXII?

Answer 20

Reduce in neck lateral to carotid sheath at hyoid

Question 21

What is the base of skull foramen for CNXII?

Answer 21

Hypoglossal canal

Question 22

How do you test CNXII?

Answer 22

Ask patient to stick tongue straight out - tip should be in midline, if abnormal it will point to side of injured nerve

Question 23

Outline blood supply of the tongue

Answer 23

External carotid artery –> Lingual artery (forms a loop) –> Under tongue to supply muscles

Question 24

Which CN courses lateral to the lingual artery?

Answer 24

CNXII

Question 25

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

Answer 25

In tonsillar fossa/ sinus between the arches

Question 26

Which structure forms from the connection of the two arches of soft palate?

Answer 26

Uvula

Question 27

What structures are formed from the hook at the bottom of the sphenoid behind the palatine bone?

Answer 27

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Question 28

List the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 28

``` 5 PAIRS Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Musculus uvulae Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus ```

Question 29

Outline the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 29

CNX (except levator veli palatini: CNV3)

Question 30

Which muscle lifts the soft palate?

Answer 30

Levator veli palatini

Question 31

Which muscle tenses soft palate?

Answer 31

Tensor veli palatini

Question 32

What is the function of the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 32

Trapdoor to prevent food passing into the nose Allow air to pass through the nose for speech, sneezing and coughing Close off oropharynx in gag reflex

Question 33

How do you test CNX/V3?

Answer 33

Ask the patient to say 'aaah' | Uvula should stay in midline - pulled away from non-functioning side by normal

Question 34

List the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx

Answer 34

CIRCULAR CONSTRICTOR MUSCLES | Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal muscles

Question 35

Outline the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx

Answer 35

CNX

Question 36

List the intrinsic muscles in the pharynx

Answer 36

INNER LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES Stylopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus Salphingopharyngeus

Question 37

Outline the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx

Answer 37

``` Stylopharyngeus = CNIX Palatopharyngeus = CNX Salphingopharyngeus = CNX ```

Question 38

What is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 38

Connect to the posterior border of the thyroid and elevate the pharynx and larynx

Question 39

Which structure appears as a pear-shaped recess in the pharynx?

Answer 39

Piriform fossa

Question 40

What is the clinical term for the openings of the nasal cavity in the pharynx?

Answer 40

Choana

Question 41

List the components of Waldeyer's ring of lymphoid tissue and their location

Answer 41

Palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa Pharyngeal tonsil 'adenoid' in nasopharynx roof Tubal tonsils in eustachian tube opening Lingual tonsil in posterior 1/3 of tongue Palate associated lymphoid tissue

Question 42

What is the function of Waldeyer's ring?

Answer 42

Defensive ring around pharynx and larynx opening

Question 43

Outline the regional lymph nodes that supply lymphatic drainage for the pharynx and larynx

Answer 43

Tip of tongue - submental nodes | Other - submandibular nodes

Question 44

Where do the regional lymph nodes for the pharynx and larynx drain into?

Answer 44

Deep cervical nodes in carotid sheath: retropharyngeal nodes and jugulodigastric nodes

Question 45

Which group of lymph nodes drains the palatine tonsil?

Answer 45

Jugulodigastric nodes

Question 46

A painful, soft, unfixed lymph node is suggestive of cancer. True/ False?

Answer 46

False It is suggestive of illness A hard, non-painful, fixed lymph node is suggestive of cancer