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MSK SM > Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle/ scapula
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral Joint

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2
Q

What are the bones of the upper limb

A 
Clavicle / scapula
Hhumerus 
Elbow joint
Radius/ ulna
wrist (radio-carpal joint)
Carpus 
Hand (metacarpals, phalanges etc)
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3
Q

What type of muscle move the shoulder girdle

A

Superficial (extrinsic) muscles of the back

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertions of the trapezius muscle

A

Origin: spinous process
Insertions: Occiput and spine of scapula

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius

A

Accessory Nerve

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6
Q

What are the functions of the trapezius

A

Elevates and depresses scapula

retracts scapula

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7
Q

What does the labrum do

A

It increases capture of the humeral head which in turn increases stability.

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8
Q

Where does a SLAP tear occur

A

Where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum

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9
Q

What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff

A

Infraspinatous
Supraspinatous
Subscapularis
Teres Minor

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10
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff

A

To stabilise the shoulder girdle

They are the muscle that move the arm

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of supraspinatous

A

Origin: Suprasinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus

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12
Q

What nerve innervates supraspinatous

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

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13
Q

What does supraspinatous do

A

Abducts the arm

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of infraspinatous

A

Origin is infraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

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15
Q

What is the function of infraspinatous

A

Externally rotates the arm

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of teres minor

A

Origin: dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

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17
Q

What nerve innervates teres minor

A

Axillary (C5,6)

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18
Q

What is the function of teres minor

A

Externally rotates the arm

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis

A

Origin: anterior surface of scapula (subscapular fossa)
Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus/ shoulder capsule

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20
Q

What nerve innervates subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve C5/C6

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21
Q

What is the function of subscapularis

A

Internally rotates the arm

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22
Q

What 2 things is the rotator cuff suscpetible to?

A

Tears and impingement

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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of deltoid

A

Origin: Clavicle, acromium and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus

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24
Q

What nerve innervates deltoid

A

Axillary nerve (C5,C6)

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25
Q

What is the function of deltoid

A

Abducts the arm

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of biceps brachii

A

Origin: Short head: Coracoid process
Long head: Labrum / glenoid
Insertion: Tuberosity of radius

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27
Q

What nerve innrvates bicpes brachii

A

Musculocutaneous (c5,6)

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28
Q

What is the function of biceps brachii

A

Flexes elbow and supinates the forearm

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29
Q

Biceps brachii is susceptible to what

A

Tendonitis

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30
Q

What bone in the upper limb is susceptible to fracture

A

Radial head/ neck

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31
Q

What age group are susceptible to supracondylar fractures

A

Children

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32
Q

What bursa is susceptible to bursitis in the elbow joint

A

Olecranon bursa

33
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments of the elbow

A

medial collateral, lateral collateral and annular ligaments

34
Q

What ligament is affected in a radial head dislocation

A

Medial collateral ligament tear

35
Q

The lateral epicondyle is the site of insertion for all what

A

Extensor muscles of the forearm

36
Q

The extensor compartment of the forearm is the what compartment

A

Dorsal

37
Q

The medial epicondyle is the site of what

A

Insertion for all the flexor muscles of the forearm

38
Q

The flexor compartment of the forearm is the what compartment

A

Volar

39
Q

What are the names of the 2 ends of the radius

A 
Radial head (proximally)
Radial styloid (distally)
40
Q

What are the names of the 2 ends of the ulna

A 
Coranoid process (proximally)
Ulnar styloid (distally)
41
Q

What is the name of the fossa that the ulna forms

A

Olecranon fossa

42
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles within the hand responsible for

A

Fine motor functions of the hand

43
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles within the forearm responsible for

A

Finger flexion and extension of the movements of the wrist.

44
Q

What group of muscles move the thumb

A

Thenar muscles

45
Q

What makes up the thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

46
Q

What nerve innervates the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

47
Q

What muscle makes up the hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi

48
Q

What is the role of the hypothenar muscles

A

To move the little finger

49
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles

A

Ulnar nerve

50
Q

What do the interossei muscles do

A

Move the fingers and flex at the MCPJs and extend the IPJs

51
Q

What nerve innervates the interossei muscles

A

Ulnar nerve

52
Q

What are the 2 muscles that make up the interossei muscles and what does each one do?

A 
Dorsal interossei (x4) - ABducts the fingers at MCPJs
Palmar interossei (x3) - ADucts the fingers at MCPJs
53
Q

What are the lumbrical muscles crucial for

A

finger movement

link extensor and flexor tendons

54
Q

What nerve innervates the lumbrical muscle

A

lateral x2 median nerve

medial x2 nerve

55
Q

what tendons make up the flexor tendons

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

56
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis flex the fingers at

A

The proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs)

57
Q

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median Nerve C7, C8, T1

58
Q

What are the 2 types of flexor pulleys

A

Annular and Cruciate

59
Q

What 2 annular ligaments are critical to prevent bowstringing

A

A2 and A4

60
Q

What annular ligaments overlie the MP, PIP and DIP joints

A

A1,A3 and A5

61
Q

What annular ligament is most commonly involved in trigger finger

A

A1

62
Q

What is the function of the cruciate pulleys

A

To prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion

63
Q

How many cruciate pulley ligaments do we have and where

A

3 at the level of the joints

64
Q

What does the palmar fascia do?

A

Separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin
Suscpetible to hypertrophy and fibrosis (Dupuytren’s disease)

65
Q

What are the 3 peripheral nerves of the hand

A

Median
Ulnar
Radial

66
Q

What do the peripheral nerves of the hand supply

A

Extrinsic +/- intrinsic muscles of/ affecting the hand

67
Q

What does the median nerve supply muscularly

A

Flexors of the forearm

LOAF muscles

68
Q

What cutaenous supply does the median nerve provide

A

Radial 3 1/2 digits

69
Q

What muscular supply does the ulnar nerve provide

A

Small muscles of the hand - intrinsics

70
Q

What cutaneous supply does the ulnar nerve provide

A

Ulnar 1 1/5 digits

71
Q

What muscular supply does the radial nerve provide

A

Extensors of the forearm

72
Q

What cutaneous supply does the radial nerve provide

A

variable portion of dorsum of the hand

73
Q

What is the brachial plexus

A

a network of the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots (C5-C8, T1)

74
Q

Where does the brachial plexus lie

A

Proceeds through the neck, the axilla and into the arm

75
Q

What does the brachial plexus form and give off

A

The peripheral nerves that supply the upper arm, forearm and hand

76
Q

What is the order in which roots become branches

A 
Roots 
Trunk 
Divisions 
Cord 
Branches
77
Q

What are the 2 conditions that are compressive neuropathies

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome at the elbow and

Carpal tunnel syndrome at the wrist

78
Q

How does carpal tunnel arise

A

When the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel at the level of the wrist. If the contents of the tunnel swels, or the space is too small, the median nerve is compressed and symptoms arise

MSK SM (42 decks)

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