Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards by Sasha Murdoch

What makes up the shoulder girdle

Clavicle/ scapula
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral Joint

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What are the bones of the upper limb

Clavicle / scapula
Hhumerus 
Elbow joint
Radius/ ulna
wrist (radio-carpal joint)
Carpus 
Hand (metacarpals, phalanges etc)

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What type of muscle move the shoulder girdle

Superficial (extrinsic) muscles of the back

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What is the origin and insertions of the trapezius muscle

Origin: spinous process
Insertions: Occiput and spine of scapula

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What nerve innervates the trapezius

Accessory Nerve

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What are the functions of the trapezius

Elevates and depresses scapula

retracts scapula

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What does the labrum do

It increases capture of the humeral head which in turn increases stability.

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Where does a SLAP tear occur

Where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum

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What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff

Infraspinatous
Supraspinatous
Subscapularis
Teres Minor

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What is the function of the rotator cuff

To stabilise the shoulder girdle

They are the muscle that move the arm

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What is the origin and insertion of supraspinatous

Origin: Suprasinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus

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What nerve innervates supraspinatous

Suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

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What does supraspinatous do

Abducts the arm

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What is the origin and insertion of infraspinatous

Origin is infraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

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What is the function of infraspinatous

Externally rotates the arm

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What is the origin and insertion of teres minor

Origin: dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus

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What nerve innervates teres minor

Axillary (C5,6)

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What is the function of teres minor

Externally rotates the arm

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What is the origin and insertion of subscapularis

Origin: anterior surface of scapula (subscapular fossa)
Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus/ shoulder capsule

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What nerve innervates subscapularis

Upper and lower subscapular nerve C5/C6

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What is the function of subscapularis

Internally rotates the arm

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What 2 things is the rotator cuff suscpetible to?

Tears and impingement

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What is the origin and insertion of deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, acromium and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus

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What nerve innervates deltoid

Axillary nerve (C5,C6)

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What is the function of deltoid

Abducts the arm

What is the origin and insertion of biceps brachii

Origin: Short head: Coracoid process Long head: Labrum / glenoid Insertion: Tuberosity of radius

What nerve innrvates bicpes brachii

Musculocutaneous (c5,6)

What is the function of biceps brachii

Flexes elbow and supinates the forearm

Biceps brachii is susceptible to what

Tendonitis

What bone in the upper limb is susceptible to fracture

Radial head/ neck

What age group are susceptible to supracondylar fractures

Children

What bursa is susceptible to bursitis in the elbow joint

Olecranon bursa

What are the 3 main ligaments of the elbow

medial collateral, lateral collateral and annular ligaments

What ligament is affected in a radial head dislocation

Medial collateral ligament tear

The lateral epicondyle is the site of insertion for all what

Extensor muscles of the forearm

The extensor compartment of the forearm is the what compartment

Dorsal

The medial epicondyle is the site of what

Insertion for all the flexor muscles of the forearm

The flexor compartment of the forearm is the what compartment

Volar

What are the names of the 2 ends of the radius

``` Radial head (proximally) Radial styloid (distally) ```

What are the names of the 2 ends of the ulna

``` Coranoid process (proximally) Ulnar styloid (distally) ```

What is the name of the fossa that the ulna forms

Olecranon fossa

What are the intrinsic muscles within the hand responsible for

Fine motor functions of the hand

What are the extrinsic muscles within the forearm responsible for

Finger flexion and extension of the movements of the wrist.

What group of muscles move the thumb

Thenar muscles

What makes up the thenar muscles

Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis

What nerve innervates the thenar muscles

Median nerve

What muscle makes up the hypothenar muscles

Abductor digiti minimi

What is the role of the hypothenar muscles

To move the little finger

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles

Ulnar nerve

What do the interossei muscles do

Move the fingers and flex at the MCPJs and extend the IPJs

What nerve innervates the interossei muscles

Ulnar nerve

What are the 2 muscles that make up the interossei muscles and what does each one do?

``` Dorsal interossei (x4) - ABducts the fingers at MCPJs Palmar interossei (x3) - ADucts the fingers at MCPJs ```

What are the lumbrical muscles crucial for

finger movement | link extensor and flexor tendons

What nerve innervates the lumbrical muscle

lateral x2 median nerve | medial x2 nerve

what tendons make up the flexor tendons

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis flex the fingers at

The proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs)

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis

Median Nerve C7, C8, T1

What are the 2 types of flexor pulleys

Annular and Cruciate

What 2 annular ligaments are critical to prevent bowstringing

A2 and A4

What annular ligaments overlie the MP, PIP and DIP joints

A1,A3 and A5

What annular ligament is most commonly involved in trigger finger

What is the function of the cruciate pulleys

To prevent sheath collapse and expansion during digital motion

How many cruciate pulley ligaments do we have and where

3 at the level of the joints

What does the palmar fascia do?

Separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin Suscpetible to hypertrophy and fibrosis (Dupuytren's disease)

What are the 3 peripheral nerves of the hand

Median Ulnar Radial

What do the peripheral nerves of the hand supply

Extrinsic +/- intrinsic muscles of/ affecting the hand

What does the median nerve supply muscularly

Flexors of the forearm | LOAF muscles

What cutaenous supply does the median nerve provide

Radial 3 1/2 digits

What muscular supply does the ulnar nerve provide

Small muscles of the hand - intrinsics

What cutaneous supply does the ulnar nerve provide

Ulnar 1 1/5 digits

What muscular supply does the radial nerve provide

Extensors of the forearm

What cutaneous supply does the radial nerve provide

variable portion of dorsum of the hand

What is the brachial plexus

a network of the ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots (C5-C8, T1)

Where does the brachial plexus lie

Proceeds through the neck, the axilla and into the arm

What does the brachial plexus form and give off

The peripheral nerves that supply the upper arm, forearm and hand

What is the order in which roots become branches

``` Roots Trunk Divisions Cord Branches ```

What are the 2 conditions that are compressive neuropathies

Cubital tunnel syndrome at the elbow and | Carpal tunnel syndrome at the wrist

How does carpal tunnel arise

When the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel at the level of the wrist. If the contents of the tunnel swels, or the space is too small, the median nerve is compressed and symptoms arise

Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards

(78 cards)