Clinical And Counselling Psychology Flashcards Preview

psychology > Clinical And Counselling Psychology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Clinical And Counselling Psychology Deck (14)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Diagnosis - definition

A

A process of identifying a disorder by signs and symptoms

2
Q

Diagnostic classification - definition

A

Develop categories based on shared attributes

3
Q

Assessment vs Diagnosis

A

Assessment - idiographic approach
Focus on unique qualities of the individual. Not single label is assigned as the result of an assessment

Diagnosis - nomothetic approach
Focus on similarity of this case to other cases of the same disorder/condition. A label is assigned

both are important in formulation and intervention planning

4
Q

Types of assessments

A

Assessment interview

Clinical interview

Objective tests

Projective tests

Behavioural observation

Medical/neurological examinations

Mental status examination

5
Q

Trust and Rapport

A

Clients should understand the underlying rationale of the assessment

Confidentiality

Motivation of client for being assessed

Importance of providing feedback to client

Assessment can work as therapy

6
Q

Interviews

A

Used to assess the person holistically in the context of their social environment

Best practice - get corroborating information

Structured interviews in which questions and sequence are predetermined

Unstructured interviews are usually free flowing and informal

7
Q

Interviewing - Advantages and Disadvantages

A

Advantages
Rapport with clients pace according to clients needs, observe non verbal behaviours

Disadvantages
Client controls degree of disclosure, can be lengthy, prone to interviewer bias, clients can be difficult to work with

8
Q

From assessment to diagnosis - Clinical interviews

A

Clinical interview - used to make DSM diagnosis
Most common clinical assessment method
Best are structured or semi structured
Collect info on past and present behaviour, attitudes emotions and history
Usually these interviews are based on DSM criteria and provide a systematic means of assigning diagnoses

9
Q

Objective tests

A

used to gain information that is free as possible form bias

the value of the test depends on the interpretation and the competence of the interpreter

Questionnaires, self report, forced choice, problem solving

Can be more precise and reliable than interviews or some observational techniques

10
Q

Objective tests - disadvantages

A

Social desirability biases, forced choice responses, misinterpretation of items

11
Q

case formulation

A

Attempt to illustrate the relationships between different aspects of a clients presentation

To indicate where an intervention might be useful

To shed light on the most appropriate type of intervention

12
Q

Case formulation - Benefits and Limitations

A

benefits
Allows understanding to be checked

Accessible to clients

Can be dis confirmed

Parsimonious

Grounded in research

Facilitates the therapeutic alliance

limitations
Not always sensitive to cultural issues

Can be influenced by therapist bias

Can be overly influenced by clients perception of accuracy and these can vary with time

Doesn’t untangle mediating influences

Focus is on problems rather than whole person

13
Q

benefits and limitations of diagnosis

A

benefits
Shared language which eases communication and record keeping

May improve access to services for some

May improve access to insurance cover

May encourage developmental in research and treatment

Can provide an explanation of experiences for some and possibly comfort

Limitations
A diagnosis is not a disorder

Lack of convincing evidence of distinct psychopathology d’s for different disorders

Diagnostic concepts are unstable

May limit access to services

Artificial distinctions between normal and abnormal

Stigma

May be used as an excuse for unacceptable behaviour by some

Poor predictor of prognosis and treatment outcome

May skew research efforts

Limits likelihood of prevention work

14
Q

What is the definition of a clinical assessment?

A

The systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder.

May lead to diagnostic classification.