Clinical Applications of Nutrition Basics

Question 1

What is the recommendation for an adult for vegetables/day?

Answer 1

4 vegetables/day

Question 2

What is the recommendation for an adult for fruits/day?

Answer 2

2 fruits/day

Question 3

What is the result of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 3

scurvy

Question 4

What are PE findings assoc w/ scurvy?

Answer 4

inflamed gingiva
petechia
hemorrhage
**impaired wound healing
hyperkeratosis
bleeding into body cavities

Question 5

What is recommended protein amt/day?

Answer 5

5 1/2 oz per day

Question 6

What are better fats?

Answer 6

poly & mono-unsaturated (liquid) fats

seafood, sunflower/olive oils, walnuts & pine nuts, sunflower & pumpkin & flax seeds

Question 7

What are bad fats?

Answer 7

saturated fats & trans fat

animal fats, solid fats (margarine), coconut oil

Question 8

What is the Mediterranean diet?

Answer 8

largely plant based

minimal intake of red meat & refined food

includes red wine

Question 9

What is a good plant based source of Ca2+?

Answer 9

darky leafy veggies
tofu
broccoli & cauliflower
beans & lentils

Question 10

What is a good source of vitamin D?

Answer 10

mushrooms (good for vegans)

Question 11

What do egg whites contain?

Answer 11

protein

Question 12

What do egg yolks contain?

Answer 12

vitamins A, D, B3, B6 & B12

good for vegetarians

Question 13

What is the major difference between Mediterranean style & vegetarian style diets?

Answer 13

nuts, seeds & soy products are greater in vegetarian diet

Question 14

Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?

Answer 14

B12 (cobalamin)

only in meat products

Question 15

What is salt directly related to?

Answer 15

blood pressure & fluid retention

Question 16

What is the current recommendation for salt intake?

Answer 16

less than 2300mg/day

Question 17

What was reduced the most in the Dash diet study?

Answer 17

limiting Na to 2300mg lowered blood pressure & LDL cholesterol

Question 18

What is the Dash diet?

Answer 18

focuses on:

low fat foods
limit foods high in saturated fats
avoid sugar-sweetened beverages & sweets

Question 19

What is the ingredient list on a food label?

Answer 19

descending order of what predominates in the item

NOT nutritional info

Question 20

What must nutrition labels include?

Answer 20

serving size
total calories
vitamin D, K+, Ca2 & Fe

Question 21

What does reduced sodium mean?

Answer 21

at least 25% less sodium than in the original product (which had too much sodium to begin with)

Question 22

What does no-salt added mean?

Answer 22

no more salt was added

does NOT mean that there is no salt in the product

Question 23

What does light in sodium mean?

Answer 23

at least 50% less sodium than regular product

Question 24

What aids in the absorption of vitamin A?

Answer 24

regular salad dressing (modest portion) b/c vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin

Question 25

What might nutritional deficiency be for pt w/ trouble seeing @ night?

Answer 25

vitamin A

Question 26

What foods should pt include in diet to improve night vision?

Answer 26

dark green & yellow veggies, tomatoes

Question 27

Which foods include lots of vitamin C?

Answer 27

fruits & vegetables

Question 28

Which foods include lots of vitamin E?

Answer 28

wheat germ, avocado, almonds

Question 29

Which foods include lots of calcium?

Answer 29

dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli

Question 30

Where does vitamin A deficiency affect vision?

Answer 30

major component of rhodopsin & idopsin

Question 31

What conditions lead to vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 31

conditions that impair fat absorption

Question 32

What is an important question to ask for weight loss?

Answer 32

What have you tried in the past?

Question 33

What is important to ask about current habits?

Answer 33

What do you eat?
When do you eat?
What is your activity level?

Question 34

What should be included in food diary?

Answer 34

write everything down

include serving sizes

Question 35

What is included in diet history?

Answer 35

24 hr recall
typical day
food diary
food frequency

Question 36

How can you counsel a pt on serving size?

Answer 36

thumb is a tablespoon

cup hand is 1/2 cup

palm of hand is serving of protein/meat for day

Question 37

What is crucial for weight loss?

Answer 37

exercise!

exercise needs to be outside of routine

Question 38

What is important for counseling pts on weight loss?

Answer 38

goal setting

burning or avoiding 500 calories/day=1 pound lost/week

Question 39

What is the biggest component of goal setting?

Answer 39

writing it down

Question 40

What should you counsel pts to eat when want to lose weight?

Answer 40

increase more raw fruits & veggies (b/c take up space & take time to eat)

cut down on fats

Question 41

What is minimum that pt should do for losing weight?

Answer 41

count fruits/vegetables you eat every day

Question 42

What does a healthy diet look like? (for losing weight)

Answer 42

eating a wide variety of colors

eating more whole grains

limit fat intake (& eat good fats)

count fruits & vegetables (6-9/day)

avoid processes & fast foods

Question 43

What foods are high in fat & carbs/sat?

Answer 43

processed & fast foods

Question 44

What is important for pt to develop good nutrition plan?

Answer 44

dietician/nurse counselor

regular check in w/ provider

support system

Question 45

What does low sodium mean?

Answer 45

140mg of sodium or less per serving

Question 46

What does sodium free mean?

Answer 46

less than 5mg of sodium per serving

Question 47

What does fat-free mean?

Answer 47

less than 0.5mg of fat per serving

Question 48

What does trans fat free mean?

Answer 48

less than 0.5g trans fat per serving

may still contain 0.49g of trans fat