Clinical Breast Examination Flashcards
what hormone is responsible for growth of adipose tissue and lactiferous ducts?
estrogen
what hormone is responsible for growth of lobules and alveolar budding?
progesterone
what are the most common breast complaints?
pain
mass
risk factors for breast cancer
age personal hx of breast cancer hx of atypical hyperplasia high breast tissue density first degree relative with breast or ovarian CA early menarche (< 12) late menopause (>55) no term pregnancies never breastfed long-term use of OCP post-menopausal obesity alcohol consumption (yikes) tall height high SES Ashkenazi jew
what is included in a complete breast exam?
both breast evaluated including axilla and chest wall
when do women get their first mammogram?
40-50 y/o
earlier if have a complaint or breast mass
What are other tools that can be used for breast dx?
US - useful for inconclusive mammogram, young women, or women with dense breasts, fine needle biopsy
MRI - adjunct to mammogram in suspicious masses, CA diagnosis, BRCA carriers
fine needle aspiration biopsy - cyst vs solid mass
core needle biopsy - solid mass dx
cyclical mastalgia
breast pain that starts at the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and ends after onset of menses
noncyclical mastalgia
breast pain secondary to tumors, mastitis, cysts or medications
treatment for mastalgia
*danazol* (only FDA approved) SERMs OCP Depo Provera sx relief
nipple discharge could indicate what?
usually benign breast dz
could be sign of endocrine or CA
bloody nipple discharge could indicate what?
cancer until proven otherwise
breast mass signs concerning for malignancy
> 2cm immobile poorly defined margins firmness dimpling/retraction/color changes bloody discharge ipsilateral LAD
common non-proliferative breast masses
fibroadenoma - most common
galactocele - occurs with lactation
common proliferative without atypia breast masses
epithelial hyperplasia
sclerosing adenosis
complex sclerosing lesions
papillomas
