Clinical Care of Hematologic, Immune and Lymphatic system Flashcards
(32 cards)
What level anemia is defined by a hematocrit levels of male and female adults?
Male: less than 47%
Females: less than 37%
What should be ordered for every patient coming in for a blood disorder/condition
CBC (Complete blood count) with differential
What is the most common cause of anemia world wide
Iron deficiency
What increases the chances of anemia
Menstruation, pregnancy, and frequent blood donors
What are hall mark signs and symptoms for anemia
- Skin and mucosal changes
- Smooth tongue
- brittle nails
- cheilosis (cracks on the corners of the mouth)
- Develop Pica, craving for specific foods (Ice chips) often not rich with iron
Treatment for Anemia
Ferrous sulfate (iron supplement) 325 mg three times a day for 3-6 months
What will be the serum be for someone with vitamin B12 deficiency
Serum vitamin B12 level <100 pg/mL
Which people are most common who have vitamin B12 deficiency
Vegans (strict vegetarians who avoid all dairy products as well as meat and fish)
When doing a CBC w/ Diff, what is a hallmark for Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Megaloblastic anemia (LARGE RBC) characteristic find is macro-ovalocyte with hyper-segmented neutrophils
What are the lab results for Overt deficiency and symptomatic deficiency for vitamin B12
Overt: <170 pg/mL
Symptomatic: <100 pg/mL
What is the treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency
IM injection of vitamin B12. Daily for the first week, weekly for the first month, then monthly for life
What deficiency is a hereditary enzyme defect that causes episodic hemolytic anemia because of the decreased ability of red blood cells to deal with oxidative stresses
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Oxidized hemoglobin denatures and forms precipitants called what and what do they do to the cell?
- Heinz bodies
- Cause membrane damage, which leads to removal of these cells by the spleen
Hemolysis occurs as a results of oxidative stress on the red blood cells, generated by drugs to include
Primaquine (malaria medication
Dapsone Quinidine Quinine Sulfonamides Nitrofurantoin Aspirin Ciprofloxacin
What are the shape of cells you would see in a red blood cell smear in G6PD patients
reveal a small number of (bite) cells
What anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder in which an abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) leads to chronic hemolytic anemia with numerous clinical consequences
Sickle Cell
What symptoms do people with sickle cell anemia usually complain about
Acute painful episodes including bone (back and long bones) and the chest. Episodes last hours to days and may produce low-grade fever
What are the hallmarks when drawing labs on someone with sickle cell anemia
Nucleated red blood cells.
Hypersplenism such as Howell-Jolly Bodies and target cells
What should patients with the sickle cell trait should avoid
Acute painful episodes only under extreme conditions such as vigorous exertion at high altitudes (in unpressurized aircraft)
What is a malignancy of the hematopoietic progenitor cell. These cells proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion and replace normal bone marrow elements
Leukemia
What is ALL, who does it it affect
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Comprised 80% in childhood and 20% in adults
What is AML and who is affected
Acute Myeloid leukemia
Primarily Adult diseases with a median age presentation of 60 years and increasing incidence with advanced age
For people with Leukemia, where would bone tenderness may be presented?
Long bones such as the sternum, tibia and femur
What is the hallmark in lab for someone with leukemia under a microscope
Combination of pancytopenia with circulating blasts
