Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
(55 cards)
Which body system is responsible for adaptive immunity, consisting of lymph, lymphatic vessels, a number of structures and organs containing lymphatic tissues and red bone marrow
Lymphatic system
What type of specialized tissue makes the lymphatic system
Form of reticular connective tissue that contains large numbers of lymphocytes
After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels, it is called
Lymph
The main difference of blood plasma and lymph interstitial fluid
interstitial fluid and lymph contain less protein than blood plasma because most plasma protein molecules are too large to filter through the capillary wall.
Each day, about how many liters of fluid filter from blood into tissue spaces.
20 L
About how many liters of the fluid filtered daily from the arterial end of blood capillaries return to the blood directly by reabsorption at the venous end of the capillaries.
17 L
How many liters remain per day into lymphatic vessels and are then returned to the blood
3 L
Three Primary Functions of Lymphatic System
- Drain excess interstitial fluid
- Transport Dietary Lipids
- Carries out immune responses
What vitamins do the lymphatic system absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract into the blood
Vitamin K, A, D,E
Where does the lymphatic vessels begin?
Lymphatic Capillaries
When pressure is greater in interstitial fluid than in lymph, the cells do what?
separate slightly, like a one-way swinging door, and interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic capillary.
When pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary, the cells
adhere more closely and lymph cannot escape back into interstitial fluid.
What are the two main channels of the lymph
The thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct.
The thoracic duct, the main lymph collecting duct, receives lymph from
the left side of the head, neck, and chest; the left upper limb; and the entire body below the ribs.
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the
upper right side of the body
What two pumps aid the return of venous blood to the heart to maintain the flow of lymph
Skeletal Muscle Pump
Respiratory Pump
What do the Skeletal muscle pump
The “milking action” of skeletal muscle contractions compresses lymphatic vessels (as well as veins) and forces lymph toward the subclavian veins.
What do the Respiratory pump do?
1) Lymph flow is also maintained by pressure changes that occur during inhalation (breathing in).
2) Lymph flows from the abdominal region, where the pressure is higher, toward the thoracic region, where it is lower.
3) When the pressures reverse during exhalation (breathing out), the valves prevent backflow of lymph.
Primary Lymphatic Organs include:
(1) Red bone marrow - flat bones and the ends of the long bones of adults, where stem cells give rise to mature B Cells and immature T Cells.
(2) Thymus - T cells migrate to the thymus, where they mature into functional T cells. The Thymus is a two-lobed organ located posterior to the sternum. It contains large numbers of T cells and macrophages.
The Secondary Lymphatic Organs include:
- Lymph nodes, located along lymphatic vessels
- The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
- Lymphatic Nodules
What do lymph nodes do
- Contain mature B cells, Plasma cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and
macrophages. - Filter lymph, trap foreign substances (Macrophages & lymphocytes destroy most foreign substances)
What do spleens do
Contains two types of tissue
- white pulp (lymphatic tissue where B and T cells carry out immune responses)
- red pulp (blood-filled sinuses where worn-out blood cells and platelets are removed).
What do lymphatic nodules do
They are plentiful in the connective tissue of mucous membranes lining the gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts and the respiratory airways.
What is Innate Immunity
Includes barriers provided by the skin and mucous membranes (First line of Defense) and also includes various internal defenses (Second line of Defense)
