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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > CLINICAL CARE OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

CLINICAL CARE OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT IS THE TRIAD THAT HELPS DIAGNOSE A PATIENT WITH HYPOGLYCEMIA?

A
  • BLOOD GLUCOSE <70
  • S/SX OF HYPOGLYCEMIA (NEURO AND EMOTIONAL)
  • RESOLUTION OF S/SX WITH GLUCOSE.

WHIPPLES TRIAD

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2
Q

IMPAIRMENT OF BRAIN FUNCTION WOULD SHOW SERUM BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AT WHAT VALUE?

A

APPROXIMATELY 50

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3
Q

S/SX OF HYPOGLYCEMIA BEGIN IN PLASMA LEVELS AT WHAT RANGE??

A

60

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4
Q

SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCEMIA IN ADULTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THESE TWO TYPES

A

FASTING

POST PRANDIAL

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5
Q

SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC MANIFESTATION OF HYPOGLYCEMIA,

A

FASTING

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6
Q

THIS TYPE OF SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCEMIA IN ADULTS IS RELATIVELY ACUTE WITH FIGHT OR FLIGHT SYMPTOMS

A

POST PRANDIAL

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 BROADENED CATEGORIES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

A

NEUROGLYCOPENIC

SYMPATHOMIMETIC

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8
Q

BESIDES A FINGER STICK TO TEST BLOOD GLUCOSE, WHAT ARE SOME OTHER LABS YOU CAN GET TO CHECK

A

C-PEPTIDE, SERIAL GLUCOSE , SULFONYLUREA

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9
Q

WHAT IS THE IMMEDIATE TREATMENT FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA?

A

PROVISION OF GLUCOSE

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10
Q

PO INTERVENTIONS SHOULD ONLY BE ATTEMPTED ON WHO?

A

CONSIOUS PATIENTS WITH NO ALTERED MENTAL STATUS

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11
Q

A PATIENT WITH RECURRING DROPS IN GLUCOSE LEVELS WITH NO ALTERATIONS TO EVERY DAY LIFE IS ABLE TO BE RETAINED OR SHOULD BE MEDEVAC’D?

A

MEDEVAC (GET MO ONBOARD)

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12
Q

PRE DIABETES WILL SHOW AN IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE OF HOW MUC

A

100-125MG/DL

LACK OF INSULIN BREAKING DOWN SUGARS

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13
Q

IN PREDIABETES A PATIENT MAY HAVE AN HGB-A1C ELEVATION OF WHAT PERCENT RANGE?

A

5.7-6.4%

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14
Q

IN PRE DIABETES A PATIENT MAY HAVE THIS LEVEL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE 2 HOURS FOLLOWING A MEAL (POSTPRANDIAL)

A

140-199MG/DL

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15
Q

THIS TYPE DIABETES IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TERM PANCREATIC BURNOUT…..

A

TYPE 2 DIABETES

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES?

A
  • FAMILY HX OF DIABETES
  • OBESITY
  • DIET
  • PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
  • RACE
  • POST CHILDBIRTH
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17
Q

PRE DIABETES IS PRETTY BENIGN AND ASYMPTOMATIC AND WILL ONLY ASSOCIATE WITH THIS NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOM?

A

SUBTLE LOWER EXTREMITY PARATHESIA

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18
Q

A PATIENT WHO IS OBESE CAN TAKE THIS MEDICATION TO HELP LOWER THEIR RISK OF DIABETES

A

METFORMIN 850MG

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19
Q

IN OBESE PATIENTS WHO DO NOT NEED MEDS. WHAT IS THE BEST TREATMENT FOR PREDIABETES

A

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS WEIGHT LOSS FROM AN EXERCISE ROUTINE

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20
Q

METABOLIC DISORDER OR DISEASE THAT IS BROUGHT ABOUT FROM INSUFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF INSULIN OR INADEQUATE ACTIVITY OF INSULIN RECEPTORS.

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

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21
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 CATEGORIES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

A

TYPE 1
TYPE 2
GESTATIONAL DIABETES

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22
Q

WHICH CATEGORY OF DIABETES MELLITIS IS AUTO-IMMUNE IN NATURE,

-CAN HAVE PARTIAL OR ABSOLUTE DEFICIENCY OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN PRODUCTION

REQUIRE EXOGENOUS INSULIN FOR SURVIVAL

A

TYPE 1

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23
Q

TYPE 1 DIABETES IS CHARACTERIZED WITH THESE SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS

A
  • POLYURIA
  • WEIGHT LOSS
  • PLASMA GLUCOSE IS HIGH WITH FASTING
  • KETONES IN BLOOD OR URINE
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24
Q

WHAT TEST IS USED IN HELPING DIAGNOSE A PATIENT WITH SUSPICION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES WHEN THEIR BGL IS <126MG/DL

A

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST

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25
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF USING GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HBA1C)?
- NO NEED FOR FASTING | - GREAT WAY TO DOCUMENT TRENDS OVER TIME OF MONTHS (2-3)
26
WHAT ARE THE DIAGNOSABLE VALUES FOR THE FOLLOWING LABS : HBA1C FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE
HBA1C >126MG/DL | HbA1C OF 6.5%
27
WHAT IS THE MEDICATION OF CHOICE AND STANDARD FOR ALL PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES?
INSULIN
28
BEFORE GIVING INSULIN WHAT SHOULD THE IDC DO?
CALL PHYSICIAN SUPERVISOR
29
WHAT IS THE IMMEDIATE SHORT TERM GOAL YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE WITH A PATIENT WHO IS DIAGNOSED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES?
- CONTROL HYPERGLYCEMIA | - MAINTAIN SERUM ELECTROLYTES AND HYDRATION
30
SOMEONE WHO IS DIAGNOSED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES IS NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING THESE ASPECTS OF THEIR LIFE MUCH MORE CLOSELY
FOOD EXERCISE ILLNESS STRESS
31
WHAT IS THE BP MED OF CHOICE FOR SOMEONE WHO IS DIABETIC?
ACE INHIBITORS
32
TYPE 1 DIABETES IS WORLD WIDE DEPLOYABLE? WHY OR WHY NOT?
MEMBER IS USUALLY NOT WWD DUE TO ILLNESS. REQUIRES MEDBOARD
33
PATIENTS WHO ARE NEWLY DIAGNOSED AS DIABETIC AND TYPE 1 SHOULD BE REFERRED TO THESE AREAS OF CARE
ENDOCRINE AND INTERNAL MED
34
HOW DO YOU TREAT A PATIENT IN INSULIN OVERDOSE?
CHECK BGL - HAVE PT DRINK SODA - RECHECK BGL EVERY 15-20 MINUTES FOLLOWING
35
A PATIENT WHO WAS INSULIN OVERDOSE HAS STARTED TO NORMALIZE IN VITALS AFTER YOU GAVE ORAL GLUCOSE. WHAT SHOULD THE PATIENT DO NOW?
EAT A WELL BALANCED MEAL
36
THIS COMPLICATION FOUND IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES WILL SAY THEY FEEL LIKE A STOCKING GLOVE EFFECT ON THEIR LEGS
NEUROPATHY
37
DIABETIC PATIENTS ARE HOW MUCH MORE LIKELY TO HAVE AN M.I?
3-5 TIMES MORE LIKELY OR COMMON
38
AFTER 10-15 YEARS, 25-50% OF TYPE 1 DIABETES PATIENTS WILL SHOW SIGNS OF........ INCREASES TO 75-95% AFTER 15, 100% AFTER 30 YEARS.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
39
THIS DISORDER OF THE EYES OCCURS IN ABOUT 6% OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
GLAUCOMA
40
DIABETES THAT IS CHARACTERIZED AS INSULIN RESISTANCE DUE TO INADEQUATE ACTIVITY OF INSULIN RECEPTORS.
DIABETES TYPE 2
41
THE MOST PREVELENT AGE FOR DIABETES TYPE 2
40, BUT BECOMING PREVELENT IN KIDS.
42
OF TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES, WHICH ONE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 90% OF INDIVIDUALS WITH THIS ILLNESS?
TYPE 2
43
VASCULAR DISEASE IS THE CAUSE OF DEATH IN WHAT PERCENT OF DIABETES TYPE 2 PATIENTS?
70%
44
SOMEONE IN STAGE 1 OF DIABETES TYPE 2 USUALLY STARTS WITH WHAT TREATMENT?
DIET WEIGHT REDUCTION EXERCISE
45
STAGE 2 OF DIABETES TYPE 2 TREATMENT USUALLY ENTAILS WHAT IN TREATMENT
ANTIDIABETIC MEDS
46
STAGE 3 OF DIABETES TYPE 2 TREATMENT USUALLY ENTAILS WHAT ?
LACK ON INSULIN CONTROL AND NEED FOR POSSIBLE INSULIN THERAPY
47
A PATIENT WHO YOU MAY NOT MANAGE FOR DIABETES WILL STILL REQURE THIS COMPREHENSIVE EXAM ANNUALLY
FOOT EXAM
48
DIABETES THAT IS BROUGHT ON BY PREGNANCY
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
49
MOTHERS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES ARE AT RISK OF THIS COMPLICATION WITH PREGNANCY
MACROSOMIA WHICH IS BIRTHING A HEAVY BABY RISK DEVELOPING TYPE 2
50
A PATIENT WITH THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS BGL >250MG/DL ACIDOSIS OF BLOOD BICARB <15MEQ POSITIVE FOR KETONES
DKA
51
THIS EMERGENT CONDITION IS USUALLY INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF DIABETES TYPE 1 AND 2
DKA
52
CLINICAL FINDINGS OF DKA?
POLYURIA/POLYDYPSIA/ FATIGUE, N/V AND MENTAL STUPOR RAPID DEEP BREATHING WITH ACETONE BREATH ABD TENDERNESS WITH NO UNDERLYING CAUSE
53
WHAT IS THE INITIAL MANAGEMENT PRIORITY FOR A PATIENT WITH DKA?
VOLUME REPLETION
54
WHEN BLOOD GLUCOSE FALLS BELOW 250MG/DL OR LESS, WHAT IS THE RANGE YOU WANT TO MAINTAIN BLOOD GLUCOSE ?
200-300 MG/DL
55
WHEN TREATING HYPERGLYCEMIA OR DKA. WHEN WOULD YOU BE ABLE TO REDUCE OR D/C I.V. FLUIDS
ONCE IMPROVED VITALS AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IS LESS THAN 250MG/DL
56
HOW MUCH FLUID REPLACEMENT CAN CAUSE ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS OR CEREBRAL EDEMA
5 LITERS IN 8 HOURS
57
WHAT IS THE LOADING DOSE OF INSULIN FOR HYPERGLYCEMIA / DKA?
.15 UNITS/ KG AS IV BOLUS, FOLLOWED BY .1 UNIT/KG/H CONTINUOUSLY INFUSED OR GIVEN EVERY HOUR VIA IM.
58
WHAT ARE SOME COMPLICATIONS OF DKA?
AMI RENAL FAILURE CEREBRAL EDEMA
59
ABNORMAL GROWTH OF THE GLAND
GOITER
60
GOITERS ARE COMMON IN REGIONS WITH THIS DEFICIENCY IN THEIR DIETS
LOW IODINE
61
WHAT ARE THE 3 COMMON TYPES OF GOITERS FOUND IN ENDEMIC AREAS
EUTHROID HYPERTHYROID HYPOTHYROID
62
AN ESTIMATED # OF POEPLE WITH LOW IODINE INTAKE
1.9 BILLION
63
HOW MANY COUNTRIES SHOWN TO HAVE IODINE DEFICIENCY
30 COUNTRIES
64
A THYROID GOITER CAN CAUSE WHAT TO HAPPEN IN REGARDS TO THE UPPER AIRWAY.
CAN CAUSE TRACHEAL COMPRESSION, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS/FAILURE AND DYSPHAGIA IF LARGE ENOUGH.
65
LAB FINDINGS FOR SERUM T4 AND TSH ARE USUALLY SHOW AT WHAT VALUE
NORMAL
66
LAB FINDINGS FOR THYROID REACTIVE IODINE ARE SHOWN AT WHAT VALUES
ELEVATED
67
SOMEONE WHO HAS A HX OF BEING FROM ENDEMIC AREA WHERE THEY DON'T GET ENOUGH IODINE USUALLY BENEFIT FROM THIS TREATMENT IN REGARDS TO A THYROID GOITER.
INTRODUCTION OF IODINE VIA TABLE SALT
68
ADULTS WITH LARGE GOITERS MAY REQUIRE THIS DIFINITIVE PROCEDURE FOR COSMETIC REASONS , COMPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS OR THYROTOXICOSIS
THYROIDECTOMY
69
YOU HAVE A 32 Y.O SAILOR REPORT TO MEDICAL WITH THE FOLLOWING SYMPTOMS. - WEAKNESS - COLD INTOLERANCE - CONSTIPATION - DEPRESSION - MENORRHAGIA - HOARSENESS - DRY SKIN - BRADYCARDIA
HYPOTHYROIDISM
70
A PATIENT WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM WILL SHOW WHAT LEVEL OF REACTION WITH DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
LESS OR DELAYED
71
HYPOTHYROIDISM WILL SHOW T4 AS.......
LOW
72
THIS HORMONE WILL SHOW AS ELEVATED WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
73
WHAT ARE THE 3 LEVELS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM?
PRIMARY SECONDARY MATERNAL
74
THIS FORM OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IS DUE TO THYROID GLAND DISEASE
PRIMARY
75
THIS TYPE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IS DUE TO LAC OF PITUITARY TSH
SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
76
AN EXPECTANT MOTHER WHO IS FOUND TO HAVE MATERNAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WILL NEED TO INCREASE THEIR HORMONE DOSAGE BY HOW MUCH?
30%

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (2 decks)

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