Clinical Definitions

Question 1

Guarding

Answer 1

protective response in muscle

Question 2

Cushing ulcer

Answer 2

peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions of the CNS

Question 3

Alcoholic

Answer 3

absence of secretion of bile

Question 4

Gastritis

Answer 4

inflammation of the stomach with distinctive histologic and endoscopic features

Question 5

Coffee-ground emesis

Answer 5

denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic environment

Question 6

Virchow’s Node

Answer 6

palpable mass, LN, in the left supraclavicular/sternovlaciular fossa

Question 7

Nausea

Answer 7

subjective sensation of impending urges to vomit

Question 8

Vomiting/emesis

Answer 8

queasiness –> retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents form the mouth

Question 9

Acute abdomen

Answer 9

serious acute intraabdominal condition attended by pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity for which emergency surgery is considered

Question 10

GGT

Answer 10

gamma-glutamyl transferase (used to determine the cause of elevated ALP)

Question 11

Gastropathy

Answer 11

gastric donations where there is epithelial or endothelial damage without inflammation

Question 12

Grey Turner Sign

Answer 12

flank ecchymosis secondary to hemorrhage

Question 13

Courvoisier’s Sign

Answer 13

enlarged non-tender GB secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

Question 14

Dysphagia

Answer 14

difficulty swallowing

Question 15

KUB X Ray

Answer 15

kidney, ureter, bladder x ray

Question 16

Globus pharyngeus

Answer 16

foreign body sensation localized in the neck that doesn’t interfere with swallowing

Question 17

EUR

Answer 17

Endoscopic ultrasound

Question 18

Borborygmi

Answer 18

rumbling sound as gas travels through SI

Question 19

Obstipation

Answer 19

severe intractable constipation caused by obstruction

Question 20

Mittelsschmerz

Answer 20

lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle

Question 21

Cholestasis

Answer 21

stoppage or suppression of bile flow, due to factors within or outside the liver

Question 22

Heel Strike

Answer 22

patient supine, doc strikes patient’s heel, pain upon striking can indicate appendicitis

Question 23

ERCP

Answer 23

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 24

Anorexia

Answer 24

lack of appetite

Question 25

MRCP

Answer 25

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Question 26

LGIB

Answer 26

lower GI bleeding

Question 27

Melena

Answer 27

dark colored stool consistent with broken down hemosiderin in bowel

Question 28

Obturator muscle test

Answer 28

flex pt's right thigh at hip, with knee bent, and rotate the leg internally at the hip; right hypogastric pain is + and suggests irritation of obturate muscle due to inflamed appendix

Question 29

Esophagitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the esophagus

Question 30

Pneumoperitoneum

Answer 30

abnormal presence of air or gas in peritoneal cavity

Question 31

Rigidity

Answer 31

abdomen is hard

Question 32

Steatorrhea

Answer 32

fatty, greasy stools

Question 33

Curling ulcer

Answer 33

peptic ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns

Question 34

Icterus

Answer 34

jaundice

Question 35

McBurney's Point

Answer 35

point of appendix

Question 36

Edentulous

Answer 36

no teeth

Question 37

Pyrosis

Answer 37

substernal burning sensation (heart burn)

Question 38

Regurgitation

Answer 38

effortless reflex of liquid or gastric or esophageal food contents in the absence of N/V

Question 39

UGIB

Answer 39

upper GI bleed

Question 40

Pneumomediastinum

Answer 40

abnormal presence of air or gas in mediastinum

Question 41

Rebound Tenderness

Answer 41

pain upon removal of pressure, rather than pressure removal (tests for peritoneal inflammation/acute abdomen)

Question 42

Psoas sign

Answer 42

associated with a retrocecal appendix; RLQ pain with passive right hip extension

Question 43

Pneumobilia

Answer 43

abnormal presence of gas in biliary system/bile ducts

Question 44

Cullen Sign

Answer 44

ecchymosis around the umbilicus secondary to hemorrhage

Question 45

Colic

Answer 45

acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

Question 46

Flatus

Answer 46

gas or air in the GI tract expelled through the anus

Question 47

Ulcer

Answer 47

local defect in the organ's surface

Question 48

Dysplasia

Answer 48

abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, and organization of cells

Question 49

Ureterolithiasis

Answer 49

stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder

Question 50

Cachexia

Answer 50

profound and marked state fo constitutional disorder

Question 51

Dyspepsia

Answer 51

postprandial epigastric discomfort

Question 52

Illiopsoas Muscle test

Answer 52

have pt flex hip against resistance --> pain suggests appendix problem

Question 53

Hematochezia

Answer 53

passage of bright red blood or maroon stools

Question 54

Hematemesis

Answer 54

vomitting blood

Question 55

Tenesmus

Answer 55

ineffectual and painful straining at stool

Question 56

Odynophagia

Answer 56

painful swallowing

Question 57

Retching

Answer 57

peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted by a closed glottis

Question 58

Rovsing's Sign

Answer 58

pain the RLQ during left sided pressure

Question 59

Eructation

Answer 59

explosion of swallowed air (burping)

Question 60

Lloyd Punch

Answer 60

CVA tenderness test

Question 61

Murphy Sign

Answer 61

GB problem