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Y2 DERMATOLOGY > clinical examination > Flashcards

clinical examination Flashcards

1
Q

what is a good examination technique

A
  1. Distribution - which areas are affected
  2. Configuration - how lesions are arranged
  3. morphology - what the lesion looks like
  4. Examination beyond the skin eg hair, nails, mouth, joints
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2
Q

what is onycholysis

A

separation of the nail plate from bed

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3
Q

what is hypertrichosis

A

general excess growth of hair

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4
Q

what is hirsute

A

excess growth of hair in the male pattern

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5
Q

what is purpura

A

extravasation of blood, will not blanche and may be raised

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6
Q

what is petechia

A

1-2mm area of flat purpura

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7
Q

what is erythema

A

vascular dilation, blanches on pressure

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8
Q

what is macule and patch

A 
macule = localised flat colour change> 1cm
patch = localised flat colour change > 1cm
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9
Q

what is a papule and a nodule

A 
Papule = localised elevated area< 0.5cm
Nodule = localised elevated area > 0.5cm
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10
Q

what is a plaque

A

raised edge and flatter surface > 1cm

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11
Q

what is a fluid filled raised lesion

A

vesicle < 0.5cm

bulla > 0.5 cm

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12
Q

what is a wheal

A

compressible dermal swelling

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13
Q

what is a scale

A

accumulated fragments of keratin layer

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14
Q

what is a crust

A

dried exudate eg serum

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15
Q

what is a lichened surface feature

A

thickened with increased surface markings

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16
Q

what is a fissure

A

linear split in epidermis

17
Q

what is erosion and and ulcer

A 
erosion = superficial break in epidermis 
ulcer = deeper break in dermis
18
Q

what do you consider when looking at morphology of a lump

A 
A asymmetry 
B boarder 
C colour 
D diameter 
E elevation
19
Q

what investigations should be done if you suspect a skin infection

A
  • bacterial infection = swab for bacteriology
  • viral infection = swab for virology
  • fungal infection = scraping for mycology
  • infestations = scraping for mycology
20
Q

what investigations should be done for a tumour or rash diagnoses

A

biopsy for pathology

21
Q

what investigations should be done for an allergy

A
  • immediate allergy = prick tests and IgE levels

- delayed allergy = patch test

22
Q

what are the many choices of technique for a skin biopsy

A
  • punch (usually 4mm in diameter)
  • shave = remove lesion at skin level
  • curettage = scrapes off lesion
  • ellipse = incisional (takes off a small bit) or Excisional (takes the whole thing off)
23
Q

what investagation is needed for patients that have a skin disease caused by sunlight

A

phototesting - light testing

Y2 DERMATOLOGY (21 decks)

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