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BDS4 PMHP > Clinical Governance > Flashcards

Clinical Governance Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical governance?

A

A systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care within a health system

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2
Q

What are the dimensions of healthcare equality?

A
  • person-centred
  • safe
  • effective
  • efficient
  • equitable
  • timely
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3
Q

What is meant by patient-centred healthcare quality?

A

Partnership between patient, families and those delivering healthcare which respects individual needs and values and demonstrates compassion, continuity, clear communication and shared decision making

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4
Q

What is meant by safe healthcare quality?

A
  • no avoidable injury or harm from healthcare received
  • appropriate, clean and safe environment provided for delivery of healthcare services
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5
Q

What is meant by effective healthcare quality?

A
  • does the intervention work?
  • the most appropriate interventions, support and services provided to everyone
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6
Q

What is meant by efficient healthcare quality?

A
  • is the output (benefit) maximised for the given input (costs)?
  • wasteful or harmful variation eradicated
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7
Q

What is meant by equitable healthcare quality?

A
  • are all patients fairly treated?
  • is the distribution of care based on need?
  • high quality services provided to everyone, no matter who they are or where they live
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8
Q

What is meant by timely healthcare quality?

A

appropriate treatment, support and services provided at the right time for everyone

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9
Q

What factors can contribute to adverse healthcare events occuring?

A
  • human factors such as teamwork, communication, stress and burnout
  • structural factors such as reporting systems, infrastructure, workforce loads and the environment
  • clinical factors such as complexity of care & length of stay
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10
Q

What are the different components that make up clinical governance?

A
  • education & training
  • clinical audit
  • clinical effectiveness
  • research & development
  • openness
  • risk management
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11
Q

What can help ensure that the dimensions of healthcare quality & the clinical governance process are delivered?

A
  • setting quality standards
  • delivering quality standards
  • monitoring quality standards
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12
Q

What is meant by “setting good quality standards” ?

A

systematically developed statements which assist in the decision-making about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical conditions

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13
Q

What is the aim of clinical guidelines?

A

Aim to improve the quality of healthcare provided

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14
Q

What are the uses of clinical guidelines?

A
  • provide recommendations for the treatment & care of individuals
  • used to develop standards for clinical audit
  • used in education & training of health professionals
  • help patients to make informed decisions
  • improve communication between patient & health professionals
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15
Q

Give examples of clinical guidelines used in Scottish dentistry:

A
  • SIGN guidelines
  • NICE
  • SDCEP
  • Healthcare Improvement Scotland
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16
Q

What study type is considered evidence level 1?

A

Systematic review (cochrane) & RCT

17
Q

What study type is considered evidence level 2?

A

Cohort

18
Q

What study type is considered evidence level 3?

A

Case-control

19
Q

What study type is considered evidence level 4?

A

Case series

20
Q

What study type is considered evidence level 5?

A

Narrative Review, editorial

21
Q

What is considered the strongest type of scientific evidence?

A

Meta-analysis & systematic reviews

22
Q

What is considered the weakest type of scientific evidence?

A

Case reports, opinion papers & letters

23
Q

Give examples of some key clinical governance activities that are carried out to ensure quality standards are maintained in healthcare?

A
  • education & training/CPD of all staff
  • risk management
  • openness of poor performance & practise
24
Q

What is CPD? How does it apply to dentistry?

A

Continuing Personal Development
- “the ethical duty of dentists to continue to undertake appropriate continuing education for the duration of their professional practise” (GDC)

25
Q

What is involved in CPD?

A

Provides NHS staff the opportunity to continuously update their skills & knowledge
- eg taking part in educational courses

26
Q

What are the CPD requirements for dentists as set out by the GDC?

A

100 hours verifiable CPD within 5 year cycle & at least 10 hours verifiable across 2 consecutive years (from 2017 onwards)

27
Q

What is the format of CPD for dentists?

A
  • courses and lectures
  • training days
  • peer review
  • clinical audit
  • reading journals
  • attending conferences
  • E-learning activity
28
Q

What are some CPD topics that are highly recommended by the GDC?

A
  • medical emergencies
  • disinfection & decontamination
  • radiography & radiation protection
  • legal and ethical issues
  • complaints handling
  • oral cancer: early detection
  • safeguarding children and young people
29
Q

What is the function of the Scottish Dental Reference Service (SDRS)?

A

To monitor quality and probity of dental treatment by reviewing a sample of patients each year

30
Q

What is the definition of a clinical audit?

A

a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change
- ensures what should be being done is being done

31
Q

What are the steps involved in a clinical audit ?

A
  • select topic
  • set agreed standards & decide on data requirements
  • observe practise & collect data
  • analyse data & determine any deviation from standard
  • identify any areas of change required
  • make necessary changes
  • repeat audit process
32
Q

Discuss the 5 parts of the audit cycle:

A
  1. identify problem or issue
  2. set criteria & standards
  3. observe practise / data collection
  4. compare performance with criteria & standards
  5. implement change
33
Q
A

BDS4 PMHP (5 decks)

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