clinical handbook index to emergency topics

Question 1

Acute abdomen:

a) name 2 presentations that usually require laparotomy
b) name three dangerous, non-obvious presentations that hide behind an acute abdomen

Answer 1

a) organ rupture and peritonitis

b) bleeding aortic aneurysm, mesenteric ischaemia and acute pancreatitis

Question 2

Acute kidney injury:

a) name the two parameters measured to stage acute kidney injury
b) name one cause of each of pre-renal AKI, renal AKI and post-renal AKI

Answer 2

a) serum creatinine and urine output
b) pre-renal: decreased renal blood flow: sepsis
renal: decreased kidney function: kidney infection
post-renal: obstruction to urine: kidney stone