Clinical Interviewing Part Dos

Question 1

What is Reintegration?

Answer 1

A person must allow experience to occur and accurately perceive the event.

Question 2

How does reintegration occur?

Answer 2

Reduce COWs and increase positive self-regard by obtaining unconditional positive regard.

Question 3

What did Rodgers (1951) discuss?

Answer 3

The helping relationship IN and OF ITSELF can produce client growth. A helper’s facilitative attitude is the most beneficial component of the helping process. Helpers can accept clients, clients can accept themselves.

Question 4

What were the six conditions that Rodgers (1957) postulated necessary for change?

Answer 4

1) Client and helper must be in psychological contact. 2) Client must be in a state of incongruence. 3) Helper must be congruent or integrated into the relationship. 4) Helper must feel unconditional positive regard for the client. 5) Helper must experience empathy for the client. 6) Client must experience helper’s congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy.

Question 5

What did Elliot, Greenberg, Watson, Timulak, and Freire (2013) discuss?

Answer 5

Client-centered and humanistic therapy are effective and just as effective as other approaches to psychotherapy.

Question 6

What does Hill believe that differs from Rodgers’s approach?

Answer 6

Facilitative attitude and skills are inseparable. People are neither inherently good nor bad. Cultural awareness is important. Helpers need to facilitate insight and action when clients are ready.

Question 7

What is Rapport?

Answer 7

An atmosphere of understanding and respect that sets the stage for the development of the therapeutic relationship.

Question 8

List four attending and listening skills.

Answer 8

1) Orient ourselves nonverbally toward the client. 2) Listen intently without assuming we know anything about them. 3) Carefully observe their reactions. 4) Monitor our own reactions.

Question 9

What did Frank and Frank (1991) state regarding helping clients explore nonaffective content?

Answer 9

“How can I know what I think until I have heard what I have to say?”

Question 10

What does hearing someone’s narrative do?

Answer 10

1) Hear the inconsistencies. 2) Receive feedback. 3) Later, reevaluate and change the narrative.

Question 11

What was the big takeaway from Frank and Frank (1991)?

Answer 11

Emotional arousal seems necessary for change to occur.

Question 12

What is the major goal of the exploration stage?

Answer 12

Helpers assisting clients in experiencing feelings they suppressed earlier in life.

Question 13

What is Attending?

Answer 13

Helpers orienting themselves physically toward clients.

Question 14

What is the goal of attending?

Answer 14

Communicate to clients that helpers are paying attention so that clients feel safe to talk openly.

Question 15

Is Attending verbal or nonverbal?

Answer 15

Communicated mostly through nonverbal and para-verbal behaviors.

Question 16

What is listening?

Answer 16

Capturing and understanding the messages that clients communicate.

Question 17

What are the cultural rules for nonverbal communication?

Answer 17

There are no ‘right’ nonverbal behaviors. Helpers need to adapt their style to fit clients’ nonverbal styles.

Question 18

What are nonverbal behaviors that facilitate attending?

Answer 18

Kinesics, emblems, illustrators, regulators, adaptors.

Question 19

What did Harper et al., 1978 say about eye contact?

Answer 19

Eyes are used to monitor speech, provide feedback, signal understanding, and regulate turn-taking.

Question 20

What is the percentage that people make eye contact with each other?

Answer 20

28-70%, but no more than 1 second.

Question 21

Do all humans express basic emotions through facial expressions?

Answer 21

Yes!

Question 22

Why are facial expressions important?

Answer 22

Can give clues about the meaning of the verbal message.

Question 23

Why are head nods important?

Answer 23

Makes the client feel as if you are listening to them.

Question 24

What is good body posture?

Answer 24

Lean toward clients and maintain an open body posture.

Question 25

What is Nonverbal Leakage?

Answer 25

Leg and foot movements, hands and face.

Question 26

What did Ramseyer and Tschacher (2011) state?

Answer 26

Synchrony in body movements between the therapist and client is related to relationship quality and outcome.

Question 27

What is Proxemics?

Answer 27

How people use space in interactions.

Question 28

What is the standard personal and social space in distance?

Answer 28

Personal- 1.5-4 feet; Social- 4-12 feet.

Question 29

What did Hall (1963) say?

Answer 29

Space is used differently in cultures.

Question 30

Why do we avoid touch?

Answer 30

It has negative effects, such as feeling the space has been invaded.

Question 31

What are paraverbal behaviors that facilitate attending?

Answer 31

Tone of voice, language and grammatical style.

Question 32

Why is Tone of voice important?

Answer 32

Clients are more likely to explore when helpers speak gently.

Question 33

What are minimal verbal behaviors that facilitate client exploration?

Answer 33

1) Minimal encouragers. 2) Approval-Reassurance. 3) Disclosures of similarities. 4) Avoid most interruptions. 5) Silence.

Question 34

What are minimal encouragers?

Answer 34

Non-words and simple words that encourage clients to keep talking.

Question 35

What is approval reassurance?

Answer 35

Provide emotional support and reassurance.

Question 36

What are examples of approval reassurance?

Answer 36

“That’s really hard to handle.” “That’s a devastating situation.”

Question 37

What is Disclosure of similarities?

Answer 37

Provide a sense of universality; the client should feel less alone.

Question 38

What are avoid most interruptions?

Answer 38

When the client is exploring productively, the helper does not need to interrupt.

Question 39

Why is silence important?

Answer 39

Can convey empathy, warmth, and respect.

Question 40

What are Restatements?

Answer 40

Repeating or paraphrasing the nonaffective content or meaning of the client’s statements.

Question 41

What are Summaries?

Answer 41

A type of restatement that ties together several ideas.

Question 42

Why are open-ended questions important?

Answer 42

Encourages clients to talk longer and more deeply.

Question 43

What are closed questions?

Answer 43

Request a one or two word answer or ask for specific facts.

Question 44

What are the limitations of closed-ended questions?

Answer 44

Have limited applicability in helping settings.

Question 45

What is Affect Labeling?

Answer 45

Helps diminish negative emotional experiences.

Question 46

What are cultural considerations when working with feelings?

Answer 46

Feelings are universal, but expression of feelings is different across cultures.

Question 47

What are reflection of feelings?

Answer 47

A statement that explicitly labels the client’s feelings.

Question 48

What are benefits of reflection of feelings?

Answer 48

Helps the client enter their internal world.

Question 49

How to reflect feelings?

Answer 49

Focus on one salient feeling at a time.

Question 50

When is the best time to use reflections of feelings?

Answer 50

There is a therapeutic bond.

Question 51

When not to use reflection of feelings?

Answer 51

Clients feel overwhelmed by emotions.

Question 52

What are disclosure of feelings?

Answer 52

Helpers revealing feelings that they had/have.

Question 53

What is case conceptualization?

Answer 53

Trying to understand how the clients’ problems came about.

Question 54

What are the 4 parts to case conceptualization?

Answer 54

Observations, therapeutic relationship, initial conceptualization of the origins of the clients suffering, treatment plan.

Question 55

What are Observations?

Answer 55

1) Demo information. 2) Behavioral observation. 3) Presenting problems.

Question 56

What is the therapeutic relationship?

Answer 56

How the client acts towards you.

Question 57

What is Initial conceptualization of the origins of the clients suffering?

Answer 57

Look for issues in the relationship with the parent.

Question 58

What is the treatment plan?

Answer 58

Think about how you can be fully present with the client.

Question 59

What is insight?

Answer 59

Seeing things from a new perspective.

Question 60

What is Intellectual insight?

Answer 60

Objective explanation for a problem.

Question 61

What is emotional insight?

Answer 61

Connects effect to intellect and creates a sense of personal involvement.

Question 62

What is psychodynamic Theory?

Answer 62

Way of thinking about the complexity of human nature.

Question 63

Describe the Conscious, Unconscious, and Preconscious?

Answer 63

1) Conscious- readily available to conscious awareness. 2) Unconscious- outside of conscious awareness. 3) Preconscious- can be brought to conscious awareness with effort.