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Clin Med 3 Neuro > Clinical Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Clinical Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

crescent shaped lesion
what is the source?
and the presentation?

A

subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
subacute course, hx drowsiness, confusion, speech issues

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2
Q

“the crab of death”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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3
Q

asymmetrical/non-visible ventricles

and why?

A

effacement

mass effect, bleeding

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4
Q

urinary incontinence, neuro deficits, magnetic gait

and treatment?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

tx shunt

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5
Q

blood supply to the anterior and superior cortex

A

anterior cerebral artery

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6
Q

blood supply to the lateral aspects of the cortex

A

middle cerebral a.

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7
Q

blood supply to the bottom and back aspects of the cortex

A

posterior cerebral a.

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8
Q

the inside of the brain (subcortex) gets most of its blood from (2)

A

anterior & posterior cerebral aa.

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9
Q

personality, behavior, decisions

A

frontal cortex

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10
Q

voluntary movement

A

motor cortex

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11
Q

perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling

A

parietal cortex

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12
Q

vision

A

occipital cortex

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13
Q

memory, understanding, language

A

temporal

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14
Q

contents of the cavernous sinus (3)

A

all nerves that control EOM
all divisions of CN V except V3
internal carotid a.

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15
Q

issues suggesting a problem in the cavernous sinus? (2)

A

EOM abn

numbness of the top of the face

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16
Q

subcortical stroke presentation

A

paralysis of face, arm, and leg

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17
Q

cortical stroke presentation

A

paralysis of just one area

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18
Q

truncal problems, central ataxia suggests?

A

central cerebellum lesion

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19
Q

extremity problems, ataxia on finger to nose suggests>

A

peripheral lesion of the cerebellum

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20
Q

CN localized to the midbrain?

A

II
III
IV

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21
Q

CN localized to the pons

A

V
VI
VII

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22
Q

CN localized to the medulla

A

VIII (and the pons)

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23
Q

CN localized to the spinal cords

A

IX
X
XI
XII

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24
Q

site of pyramidal decussation

A

lower medulla

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25
crossed signs
ipsilateral CN deficits & contralateral body weakness result from a brainstem lesion
26
vibration, proprioception
posterior columns of the spinal cord
27
pain, temp | and where does it cross
lateral spinothalamic tract | crosses at the level it enters
28
voluntary movement
lateral corticospinal tract
29
Brown Sequard syndrome
loss of pain, temp., light touch on opposite side of lesion | loss of motor function, vibration, position, deep touch of the same side as the cord lesion
30
central cord syndrome
loss of pain and temp bilaterally
31
anterior cord syndrome
paralysis, loss of pain and temp
32
posterior cord syndrome
loss of vibration and proprioception
33
posterior & lateral cord syndrome
paralysis & loss of vibration/proprioception
34
cauda equina defining characteristics
more severe pain & weakness | late & less severe bowel & bladder problems
35
conus medullaris defining characteristics
less severe pain & weakness | early & severe B&B problems
36
cortex lesion? (4)
aphasia neglect hemianopia hemiparesis/hemisensory involving face & arm mostly
37
subcortical structures (internal capsule & basal ganglia) lesion? (2)
``` dense hemiplegia- face, arm, and leg abnormal movements (chorea, ballism, tremor, cogwheeling) ```
38
cerebellar lesions (3)
truncal ataxia limb ataxis dysmetria
39
brainstem lesions (2)
CN palsies | crossed signs
40
spinal cord lesions (4)
paraparesis sensory level B/B involvement saddle anesthesia
41
motor neuron lesion (2)
no sensory involvement, fasiculations
42
peripheral neuron lesion (5)
``` distal weakness sensory involvement stocking-glove distribution (distal > proximal) arflexia hyporeflexia ```
43
NMJ lesion (3)
fatigability no sensory involvement normal DTRs
44
muscle lesion (3)
proximal weakness symmetric no sensory involvement
45
biconvex, lens-like lesion | what vessel causes it?
epidural hematoma | middle meningeal a. (fast blood flow)
46
lesion of CN II before the optic chiasm
monocular blindness
47
injury to CN II behind the optic chiasm
homonymous hemiopia
48
injury to a portion of nerves behind the optic chiasm
homonymous quadrantopia
49
lesion of CN II will affect the pupillary reflex how?
no pupillary response to light
50
droopy eye indicates?
lesion to CN III
51
which nerve is the sensory limb of corneal reflex
CN V
52
lack of eyelid closure can indicate
CN VII lesion
53
lack of weakness in the upper face can indicate?
Bell's palsy
54
two CN in the pupillary reflex
II and III
55
CN in the corneal reflex
CN V1 & VII
56
vestibulo-ocular reflex CN
VIII, VI, and III | "dolls eyes"
57
dolls eyes CN?
VIII VI III
58
gag reflex CN
IX and X
59
how to detect injury to CN XII
tongue will protrude towards lesioned side
60
deltoid innervation
C5
61
biceps DTR
C5, C6
62
brachioradialis DTR
C6
63
triceps DTR
C7
64
patellar DTR
L4
65
achilles tendon DTR
S1
66
L4 innervates (2)
quads | knee jerk
67
L5 innervates?
dorsiflexion
68
S1 innervates? (2)
plantarflexion | ankle jerk
69
spasticity indicates?
UMN lesion
70
rigidity indicates
basal ganglia lesion
71
Romberg tests for?
posterior columns
72
spastic weakness, hyper-reflexia, and positive Babinski indicate
UMN (brainstem, tracts)
73
flaccid weakness (decreased tone), hyporeflexia, atropy, fasiculation indicate?
LMN weakness
74
face/arm > leg effect is caused by what vessel
MCA
75
leg > arm/face effect is caused by what vessel
ACA
76
dense unilateral motor or sensory defect | movement disorder
subcortical lesion
77
aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia suggest?
cortical lesion
78
unsteady/ataxic gait, spastic weakness, hyporeflexia, absent proprioception & vibration up to the knees, positive romberg, hx alcoholism (what would it be if he had truncal ataxia?) 3 possibilities?
UMN, spinal cord- posterior column involvement metabolic- Vitamin deficiency with truncal ataxia: midline degeneration of the cerebellum due to alcoholism
79
upper and motor neuron signs can indicate?
ALS
80
degeneration of corticospinal tract as well as lower motor tract
ALS
81
inability to maintain upward gaze for 2 min can indicate
myasthenia gravis
82
Gower's sign
Muscular dystrophy

Clin Med 3 Neuro (3 decks)

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