Clinical Practice Guidelines

Question 1

documents used by clinicians that provide guides in clinical decision-making and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare

Answer 1

practice guidelines

Question 2

practice guidelines are documents used by clinicians to provide guides in __________________ and criteria regarding ________________, ______________, and _________________ in specific areas of healthcare

Answer 2

clinical decision-making; diagnosis, management, and treatment

Question 3

Practice guidelines are ____________________________ from clinical researchers and professional expertise of clinicians from different fields

Answer 3

commonly compiled evidences

Question 4

T/F: Practice guidelines are commonly compiled evidences from clinical researchers and professional expertise of clinicians from the same field

Answer 4

F: from different fields

Question 5

research has shown that _________________ of development, a practice guideline may be outdated and must be updated

Answer 5

within 2 years of development

Question 6

Types of practice guidelines

Answer 6

1. evidence-based
2. formal consensus-based
3. mixture of EBM and consensus-based

Question 7

utilize a rigorous systematic process involving review and critical evaluation of the medical literature to develop final recommendations

Answer 7

evidence-based

Question 8

evidence-based practice guidelines utilize a _____________________________ involving review and critical evaluation of the medical literature to develop final recommendations

Answer 8

rigorous systematic process

Question 9

presence of existing data

Answer 9

evidence-based

Question 10

utilize the experience of experts in their practice area to draw conclusions and develop recommendations

Answer 10

formal consensus-based

Question 11

formal consensus-based practice guidelines are useful for those instances where the evidence:

Answer 11

1. does not exist
2. is not complete
3. is not conclusive enough to allow the development of a final recommendation

Question 12

practice guidelines based on experience only

Answer 12

formal consensus-based

Question 13

uses evidence to construct the guideline and supplements those steps without evidence with experience of the experts in that field

Answer 13

mixture of EBM and consensus-based

Question 14

mixture of EBM and consensus-based is useful especially in areas of practice where: ____________________________________________ to be the standard of practice

Answer 14

there is no established evidence or proof is available

Question 15

what are practice guidelines created primarily for?

Answer 15

1. facilitating clinical decision making
2. improving the quality of health care
3. providing consistent treatment across environments
4. decreasing costs
5. diminishing professional liability
6. identifying individualized alternative treatment

Question 16

GRADE stands for

Answer 16

Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations

Question 17

a transparent framework for developing and presenting summaries of evidence and provides a systematic approach for making clinical practice recommendations

Answer 17

GRADE

Question 18

GRADE is a transparent framework for __________________________________ and provides a ____________________ for making clinical practice recommendations

Answer 18

developing and presenting summaries of evidence and provides a systematic approach

Question 19

how does GRADE work?

Answer 19

1. authors make a clinical question
2. PIOM
3. get systematic review

Question 20

PIOM stands for

Answer 20

Population/Problem/Purpose, Intervention, Outcome, Methods

Question 21

best estimate of the effect size for each outcome in absolute terms

Answer 21

systematic review

Question 22

T/F: authors rate quality of evidence applied to each outcome

Answer 22

T

Question 23

can be applied to a body of evidence across outcomes, usually by taking the lowest quality of evidence from all of the outcomes that are critical to decision making

Answer 23

overall GRADE

Question 24

overall GRADE quality rating can be applied to a ________________________ , usually by taking the lowest quality of evidence from all the outcomes that are critical to decision making

Answer 24

body of evidence across outcomes

Question 25

language bias is most common among

Answer 25

Eastern Asian Countries

Question 26

what is the meta-analysis identifier?

Answer 26

randomized clinical trials or clinical trials

Question 27

what are the GRADE certainty ratings

Answer 27

1. very low 2. low 3. moderate 4. high

Question 28

true effect is probably markedly different from the estimated effect

Answer 28

very low

Question 29

true effect might be markedly different from the estimated effect

Answer 29

low

Question 30

authors believe that the true effect is probably close to the estimated effect

Answer 30

moderate

Question 31

authors have a lot of confidence that the true effect is similar to the estimated effect

Answer 31

high

Question 32

modified version of GRADE process

Answer 32

critical appraisal of evidence

Question 33

evidence from 2 or more “high” quality studies with consistent findings for recommending for or against the intervention

Answer 33

strong (high quality) evidence

Question 34

evidence from 2 or more “moderate” quality studies with consistent findings, or evidence from a single “high” quality study for recommending for or against the intervention

Answer 34

moderate quality evidence

Question 35

evidence from one or more “low” quality studies with consistent findings or evidence from a single “moderate” quality study recommending for or against the intervention

Answer 35

low quality evidence

Question 36

evidence from one or more “very low” quality studies with consistent findings or evidence from a single “low” quality study recommendation for or against the intervention

Answer 36

very low quality evidence

Question 37

level of evidence and strength of recommendation that are considered options according to benefits and harms balanced

Answer 37

1. strong (high quality) evidence 2. moderate quality evidence 3. low quality evidence 4. very low quality evidence

Question 38

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), and quality of evidence is excellent (moderate or strong) or unobtainable

Answer 38

strong recommendation

Question 39

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), and the quality of evidence is good but not excellent (or is unobtainable)

Answer 39

moderate recommendation

Question 40

a particular action is favored because anticipated benefits clearly exceed harms (or vice versa), but the quality of evidence is low or very low

Answer 40

weak recommendation

Question 41

an option is provided when the aggregated data show evidence of both benefit and harm that appear similar in magnitude for any available courses of action

Answer 41

option

Question 42

recommendation wherein clinicians should follow unless a clear and compelling rationale for an alternative approach is present

Answer 42

strong recommendation

Question 43

recommendation that clinicians would be prudent to follow but should remain alert to new information and sensitive to patient preferences

Answer 43

moderate and weak recommendation

Question 44

recommendation wherein clinicians should consider in their decision-making, but patient preference may have a substantial role

Answer 44

option

Question 45

“An understanding of strengths and limitations inherent with each design is essential to________________________________ produced. Those trial designs with a high level of quality provide the most reliable evidence and that translates into the strongest recommendation/clinical decision."

Answer 45

determine the overall quality of the evidence