Survey Research

Question 1

Uses information obtained from a select members of the population,
analyzes the responses, and the draws conclusions applicable back to
the same population

Answer 1

survey research

Question 2

survey research uses information obtained from a______________ of the population,
_______________ the responses, and then ____________ conclusions applicable back to
the same population

Answer 2

select members; analyzes; draws

Question 3

types of survey research

Answer 3

1. descriptive
2. explanatory

Question 4

opinions and attitudes

Answer 4

descriptive

Question 5

explaining a cause and effect

Answer 5

explanatory

Question 6

in survey research, the validity of the results depend on the ____________________________________ (methodology)

Answer 6

quality of the study’s internal rigor

Question 7

what are the 6 uses of survey research?

Answer 7

1. study the incidence, distribution, and relationships of sociologic and psychological variables
2. collect information from sample and generalize findings
3. identify, assess, and compare respondents’ ideas, feelings, plans, beliefs, and demographics
4. how healthcare programs should be implemented by utilizing expert opinions
5. study effectiveness of a program
6. understand attitudes and behaviors of patients or members

Question 8

T/F: survey research is applied in those that implement policies

Answer 8

T

Question 9

types of survey research

Answer 9

1. descriptive surveys
2. explanatory surveys

Question 10

attempt to identify psychosocial variables

Answer 10

descriptive surveys

Question 11

enumerate the psychosocial variables identified using descriptive surveys

Answer 11

attitudes, opinions, knowledge, and behaviors in a population

Question 12

attempt to explain causal relationships between variables

Answer 12

explanatory

Question 13

types of data collected in survey research

Answer 13

1. incidence
2. attitudinal
3. knowledge
4. behavior measurements

Question 14

try to determine the occurrence of events without drawing any relationships between variables

Answer 14

incidence

Question 15

example: morbidity or mortality data, manpower data

Answer 15

incidence

Question 16

try to compare the dependent variable with independent variables such as age, education, or salary

Answer 16

attitudinal

Question 17

example: job satisfaction surveys

Answer 17

attitudinal

Question 18

T/F: attitudinal data is fixed or constant in a sense that independent variable will change but will not change because of another variable

Answer 18

T

Question 19

attempt to document a person’s knowledge or understanding about a specific topic

Answer 19

knowledge

Question 20

example: physician’s knowledge of retail prices of medications or pharmacist’s knowledge of state pharmacy laws

Answer 20

knowledge

Question 21

documents what a person actually does in a particular situation rather than asking him or her in a survey

Answer 21

behavior measurements

Question 22

data that should reflect the actual observed behavior

Answer 22

behavior measurements

Question 23

example: what will you do when an earthquake occurs while delivery a baby?

Answer 23

behavior measurements

Question 24

tools used to perform data collection

Answer 24

1. questionnaires
2. examination of historical records
3. interviews (telephone, face-to-face, panel)
4. web-based questionnaires
5. focus groups

Question 25

characteristics of a well-conducted survey

Answer 25

1. objective and carefully planned 2. data are quantifiable 3. subjects surveyed are representative of the target population

Question 26

no sampling = ________________

Answer 26

more prone to errors

Question 27

errors affecting precision and accuracy

Answer 27

1. coverage error 2. sampling error 3. measurement error 4. nonresponse error

Question 28

bias in a statistic that occurs when the target population you want to survey does not coincide with the sample population that is actually surveyed

Answer 28

coverage error

Question 29

error that can compromise the ability to generalize study results

Answer 29

coverage error

Question 30

difference between the estimate derived from a sample survey and the true value that would result if a census of the entire target population were taken under the same conditions

Answer 30

sampling error

Question 31

occurs when the researcher surveys only a subset (sample) of all possible subjects within the population of interest

Answer 31

sampling error

Question 32

collection of data is influenced by the interviewer or when the survey item itself is unclear from the respondent’s point of view

Answer 32

measurement error

Question 33

a significant number of subjects in a sample do not respond to the survey

Answer 33

nonresponse error

Question 34

nonresponse bias can result in surveys, where the answers of respondents ________________________________ of those who did not answer

Answer 34

differ from the potential answers

Question 35

in nonresponse error, we must strive for response rates in the ________________ range

Answer 35

80% to 90%

Question 36

things to consider in evaluation of survey

Answer 36

1. factual data and internal validity 2. sample size 3. sample frame 4. sampling strategy and response rates 5. survey instrument reliability

Question 37

assess validity and reliability of the survey and efforts made to validate factual data

Answer 37

factual data and internal validity

Question 38

asking more than one question about a concept can ________________________ of a survey

Answer 38

increase the internal validity of a survey

Question 39

example of correlation analysis

Answer 39

Cronbach alpha

Question 40

orrelation analysis such as Cronbach alpha or similar statistical test that measures correlation between items should be calculated and the coefficient factor(s) reported in the article

Answer 40

factual data and internal validity

Question 41

interpreted in the same fashion that coefficients of reliability are interpreted

Answer 41

cronbach alpha

Question 42

what does a value of 0 indicate in Cronbach alpha

Answer 42

no consistency between responses

Question 43

increasing consistency in Cronbach alpha is seen as you approach the value of

Answer 43

0.8 to 1

Question 44

what is the minimum coefficient score in Cronbach alpha

Answer 44

0.8

Question 45

methods section should report sample size, along with a description of how it was determined

Answer 45

sample size

Question 46

sample size is _____________ in nature

Answer 46

numerical

Question 47

provides the minimum number of individuals that needs to be sampled from the population

Answer 47

sample size computation

Question 48

appropriate ___________________ will give sufficient _______________________ to demonstrate a difference between two groups

Answer 48

sample size; sufficient statistical power

Question 49

sample frame is _______________ in nature

Answer 49

descriptive

Question 50

describes the population from where actuals samples will be drawn from for the survey respondents

Answer 50

sample frame

Question 51

a sample is __________________ if all members of a population had a chance to be chosen and no one was systematically excluded

Answer 51

comprehensive

Question 52

methods section should supply the reader with enough information to ensure that nonresponse error was assessed and measures were taken to control the possible errors

Answer 52

sampling strategy and response rates

Question 53

T/F: It does not matter if authors relate as much information about non-responders as possible

Answer 53

F: should relate as much info as possible

Question 54

a ssess the reliability i.e., can the results of the survey be repeated by another investigator and present the results of reliability estimates

Answer 54

survey instrument reliability

Question 55

survey instrument reliability is a ___________________ that measures correlation between items

Answer 55

statistical test

Question 56

in survey instrument reliability, measurement of correlation between items should be used as a ______________________

Answer 56

reliability estimate

Question 57

an assessment of a questionnaire made before full-scale implementation to identify and correct problems such as faulty questions, flawed response options, or interviewer training deficiencies

Answer 57

pretest or pilot test