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Psychological Interventions Module > Clinical Psychology Interventions in Child and Adolescents Mental Health > Flashcards

Clinical Psychology Interventions in Child and Adolescents Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are psychological interventions in clinical psychology?

A
  • Clinical psych emerged as parctice in the 19th century
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2
Q

What was the first psychological clinic?

A

Lightner Witmer

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3
Q

What does a clinical psychologist do? - llewelyn & murphy 2014

A

There are 6 core competencies

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4
Q

What are the 6 core competencies - llewelyn & murphy

A
  1. assesment
  2. formulation
  3. intervention
  4. evaluation
  5. communication / consultation and service delivery
  6. leadership
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5
Q

The ‘reflective scientist practitioner

A

a combination of a scientist & reflective practitioner

= Core purpose & philosophy of clinical psych (BPS 2010)

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6
Q

What does a scientist do?

A

Evidenced based treatments & recommendations
Develop hypotheses (almost like a research question)
Conduct research & evaluate outcomes

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7
Q

What does one who is reflective do - Schon 1983)

A

‘Thinking on your feet’
‘use of past exp’
‘use of psych theory’

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8
Q

What does clinical psych aim to do - BPS 2010

A

redue psychological distress and enhance and promote psychological well being by the systematic application of knowledge derived from psychological theory and data

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9
Q

What are complex initerventions?

A

Those that have several interacting components

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10
Q

Who issued guidance on how interventions should be developed and evaluated?

A

Medical Research Council (MRC)

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11
Q

What did the MRC say about dev interv?

A

There = 4 main staged for developing, evaluating & implementing complex interventions

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12
Q

What are the 4 main stages according to MRC?

A
  1. Intervention Development
  2. Feasibility & Piloting of the intervention
  3. Evaluation of the intervention
  4. Implementation of the intervention
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13
Q

What is intervention development?

A

Interv = should be expected to have a meaningful effect for patients/service users

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14
Q

How does one develop an intervention? - three stages

A
  1. identify the evidence base = look at what research has been done
  2. interventions shoould be based on theory = have an early understanding of the process of change
  3. important to think about implementation & feasibility

processes are relevant for researchers & clinicians when developing & delivering interv for mental health

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15
Q

Why is child & adolescent mental health important according to a developmental psychopathology perspective?

A

How early child exp influence later outcomes such as mental health & adulthood

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16
Q

Approx how many children in the UK meet criteria for emotional / behavioural disorder?

A

10% (5-16 yrs)

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17
Q

Approx how many children in the UK meet criteria for anxiety?

A

3.5%

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18
Q

Approx how many children in the UK meet criteria for adhd?

A

2.2%

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19
Q

Approx how many children in the UK meet criteria for disruptiive beh?

A

5%

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20
Q

What does ford et al say about the duration of conditions in children?

A

For about 50% they persist for 3 years

21
Q

When a child has neurodevelopmental conditions (autism, intellectual disability) prevelence rates of co-occuring conditons =

A

higher

22
Q

Challenges in child & adolescents mental health?

A

It is important children = not over diagnosed = behaviours are needed to be clinically relevant

23
Q

Behaviours should be considereed interms of what is….

A

Appropriate for their age (e.g temper outbursts at 3 vs 14 yrs)

24
Q

What may diagnosis and assesments be complicated by?

A

the fact that some children = unable to communicate how they = feel

25
Q

What should interventions be based on always?

A

evidence & theory

26
Q

Where were the first clinical psych trainees trained?

A

Maudley hospital in London 1949

27
Q

Externalising behaviouirs in childhood?

A

behaviours directed putward e.g aggression, non-compliance, impulsivity

28
Q

What is ADHD ?

A

Attention Defiant Hyperactivity Disorder
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/ impulsivity at rates higher than expected for child’s developmental level
- occurs before 12
- pervasive across settings

29
Q

What is ODD?

A

Oppositional defiant disorder
Pattern of angry / irritable mood and argumentative / defiant behaviour
- exhibited w at least one person who = not a sibling

30
Q

What is conduct disorder?

A

Ongoing pattern of behaviour where teh rights of other or social norms = ignored
= shows at least 3 beh over a 12 month period

31
Q

What is formulation?

A

Putting together a diagnosis

32
Q

What are the processes of formulation/

A
  1. Presentation at clinical seervices
  2. Assesmnet
  3. Treatment planning
  4. Treatment implemation and moitoring overtime
33
Q

Key Theories in externalsing beh in childhood: - env

A

Parent child interactions
Media and peer influences
Executive function deficits
Cog fcators
Theory of Mind deficits
Neglect
Socio economic factors
Family env

34
Q

Key Theories in externalsing beh in childhood: - gen

A

Genetics
Structural braindiff
Maternal smokoing during oreg
Low birth weight
Neurotransmitters

35
Q

Parenting & the family env - johnston & Mash 2001)

A

Adverse faimalial env & parenting practices = commonly observed in families of children who show high levels of externalising beh prob

36
Q

Duncombe et al 2012 = Child emotion regulation = Externalising child behavious = Inconsistent Discipline &
Corporal punishment

A

Child emotion regulation may mediate the r/s between parenting practices and child disruptive beh

37
Q

Socioeconomic factors in dev of externalsing child beh

A

Children moving out of property = likely tp show a reduction in beh prob (not emotional)
= related to amount of yime parents = spend w their child

38
Q

Cog factors in dev of externalising child beh

A

Executive function deficits = been i,plicated in ex beh prob in children —> impulsivity, wwm and cog flex

39
Q

Cog factors in dev of externalising child beh - Seidman 2006

A

Some children w adhd display diff in reward processing - preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger later rewards & dispkay greater sensittiity to social rewards

40
Q

Internalising behav in childhood

A

Beh directed inward = withdrawl & low mood
= childhood anxiety disorders e.g sep anx
= childhood major dep

41
Q

Childhood anxiety

A

Anxiety in children = will over lap w adult anciety (GAD & SAD)
Some manifestations of anx = more preveleant in childhood

42
Q

What is Sep Anx?

A

= Disproportiante distress when sep form parents
= Distress ab harm coming to parents
= Unable to sleep alone

Comb of inherited factors & env stressors

43
Q

Traumatic Life Exp & Physical Health Cond - how many % of children exp

A

20% children exp chronic physical health cond e.g. asthma, epilepsy - van der lee et al

44
Q

Anxiety = higher level in those w or w out physical health cond?

A

with

45
Q

Unpredictability of physical health conds e.g epileptic fits can lead to?

A

Learned helplessness

46
Q

Ferro & Boyle example of their theory of indirect effect of physical health cond by impacting the family env

A

P.H.C = Maternal Depression = Family Dysfun = Anxiety & Depression in children

47
Q

Understanding potentional env mechanismis for mental health will help us to develop…

A

targeted interventions - that target those mechanisms

48
Q

Clinical psychologists might consider….

A

a range of factors and ofter work as a part of multi disciplinary teams (p.h services)

Psychological Interventions Module (9 decks)

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