Clinical Therapies

Question 1

Freud- stages of psychoanalysis

Answer 1

CCIW

Clarification
Confrontation
Integration
Working through

Question 2

Adler

Answer 2

Teological
Inferiority feelings
Striving for superiority
Styles of life

Therapy is lifestyle investigation, encouragement

Systematic Training and Effective Parenting/Teaching - use natural and logical consequences

Concerned with birth order

Question 3

Jung (birth- mid 30s)

Answer 3

Conscious governed by ego

Unconscious = personal + collective

Archetypes (anima/mus, self, shadow, persona)

Individuation- integration of conscious and unconscious

Tx - dreamwork, here and now, healthy aspects of person

Question 4

Object Relations

Answer 4

Relationships are inborn drive

Maladaptive behavior comes from problems during separation-individuation and splitting self and others into good and bad

Tx - bring maladaptive relationships to consciousness
Supportive and accepting therapy

Question 5

Mahler (Object Relations)

Answer 5

1 mon- infantile autism

2-3 mon - symbiotic - mom and me are the same

4-5 mon - separation individuation begins
Differentiation (5-1 mons)
Practicing/hatching (10-16 mons)
Reproachment - tentative move out (16-24 m)
Object constancy-separate from mom 24-36m

Question 6

Anna Freud (Neo Freudian)

Answer 6

Acting out during play

Strong bond with kids

Question 7

Klein - Objects Relations

Answer 7

Free associations in play

Splitting or all or none thinking/black and white thinking

Splitting mom into bad or good

Question 8

Troiden -LGBT Identity development

Answer 8

Stage 1 - sensitization - pre puberty; Tomboy; gender differences

Stage 2- Self-recognition/Identity Confusion= sexual arousal at puberty leads to guilt, turmoil and anxiety

Stage 3 -Identity Assumption- know they are gay and may hide it or accept it

Stage 4- Commitment, identity pride, coming out

Question 9

Humanistic

Answer 9

Phenomenological
Current behaviors

Inherent potential for self actualization and self determination

Constructivist- focus on making meaning and not on accuracy or rationality

Question 10

Roger’s Person Centered Therapy

Answer 10

Maladaptive due to incongruence between self and experience
People alleviate I congruence with denial and distortions

Unconditional positive regard (nonjudgmental )
Genuineness (congruence)
Empathy (see world as client)

No transference, diagnosis or directive sss

Question 11

Gestalt therapies

Answer 11

Maladaptive behavior is a growth disorder without homeostasis due to disturbance between self and environment

Self image reduces self actualization

Boundary disturbances

Tx -unified whole, here and now, past only when it impacts what functionality, no transference

Question 12

Gestalt techniques

Answer 12

Empty chair

Top Dog

Dreamwork

Question 13

Existential therapy

Answer 13

Emphasis on redo all choice for developing a meaningful life

Maladaptive behaviors comes from not being able to deal with ultimate concerns (death)

Existential anxiety leads to growth

Neurotic anxiety comes from avoidance of existential anxiety

Question 14

Reality Therapy (Glasser)

Answer 14

People are responsible for the choices they make-prisoners/JJ

Innate needs= survival, power, love, freedom,fun

Success vs failure identity

Maladaptive behaviors are a choice

Tx- no medical model, current thoughts and behaviors, value judgments

Question 15

George Kelly’s personal Constructivist therapy

Answer 15

People choose the way they deal with the world

People construe based on personal constructs, with bipolar dimensions

Maladaptive behavior is inadequate personal constructs

Therapy is focused on “co-experimentation”

Question 16

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Answer 16

Brief, originally used for depression

Maladaptive behavior comes from grief, social and relational problems that trace back to childhood

Focused on symptom reduction - meds, EBT
Stages of tx 1) diagnosis 2) interpersonal problems 3) progress and termination

Communication, modeling, role playing

Question 17

Solutions focused therapy

Answer 17

You get more of what you talk about

No focus on problems

Miracle, exceptional and scaling questions

Question 18

Gestalt boundary disturbances

Answer 18

Introjection- swallowing ideas whole

Projection- leads to paranoia

Retroflection- doing to yourself what you want to do to others

Confluence - no boundaries between self and other - leads to guilt and resentment

Question 19

Transtheoretical model - 6 stages

Answer 19

Pre-contem- consciousness raising, dramatic relief, re-evaluation

Mediating vars- Decisional balance, self efficacy, temptation

Tx enhances intrinsic motivation 
Open questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summary reflections

Question 20

Kohler

Answer 20

Insight learning with chimps and bananas

Question 21

Ellis

Answer 21

Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy - ABC-DE

Activating event
Beliefs
Consequential emotions & behaviors

Dispute beliefs
E- new effect

Question 22

Michenbaum

Answer 22

Cognitive behavioral modification

Self instructional training (5 steps)

1. Adult models
2. Child imitates
3. Child imitates out loud
4. Child imitates whispers
5. Child imitates thinking

Protocol analysis - verbalize steps to problem solve

Stress inoculation- PTSD tx
 (Gradual exposure)
1. Education/ cognitive preparation
2. Acquisition of coping skills
3. Application of skills (in vivo, imaginable)

Question 23

Rehm’s Self Control Model of Depression

Answer 23

Depression caused by
-Self-monitoring -selective attention to neg events and immediate consequences
-Self-evaluation -perfectionistic, critical
Self-reinforcement - low self reward and high self punishment

Question 24

Marlatt & Gordon

Answer 24

Addition is an overlearned habit

Question 25

Freud processes and personality traits

Answer 25

Primary process- dreams, hallucinations (id) Secondary process - think, speak (ego) ``` Schizoid- intellectualize Narcissists- rationalize bullshit Paranoid - projections Borderline- regress Histrionic- dissociating Dependent - introjection Antisocial - acting out ```

Question 26

Hartman

Answer 26

Believes that ego codevelops with the id Ego defenses vs ego autonomous (learn, think, do)

Question 27

Kohut (Neo Freudian)

Answer 27

Self Psychology Primary narcissism - focus on self as baby to get needs met Idealizing Mirroring Twinship Rx empathetic attunement

Question 28

Sullivan

Answer 28

Prototaxic mode- series of sensory experiences and nothing is related Parataxic mode- temporal sequences of causality (one thing caused by another) -transference is a parataxic distortion IPT comes from Sullivan’s interpersonal deficits

Question 29

Biofeedback

Answer 29

Decreases sympathetic overarousal Operant conditioning Thermal -increase temperature —>migraine (cold hands); Reynaurd’s disease (cold hands and feet) EMG (muscles)—> tension headaches, TMJ, back pain EEG (brain waves) —> ADHD, seizures GSR (skin response, sweat)—> anxiety

Question 30

Feminist therapies

Answer 30

Promote independence and autonomy Sexism cause of problems Egalitarian relationship- self disclosing Models for client Advocates for socio-political change

Question 31

OCEAN (5 factors)

Answer 31

``` Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

Question 32

General systems theory

Answer 32

Open systems receive input and discharge output to environment Tries to maintain homeostasis Problem with homeostasis is that if one family member changes the disturbance will appear somewhere else

Question 33

Cyber kinetics

Answer 33

Describes family communications process Neg feedback loop- halts change Pos feedback loop- promotes change

Question 34

Communications/interaction family therapy

Answer 34

Communication has a report (informational) and command (nonverbal) function Symmetrical communication- equity but results in “one up-manship” Complementary communication - unequal but maximizes differences between communicators Malad. Beh- symptoms are causes and effect of dysfunctional communication patterns Treatment: confronting communication patterns, prescribing symptoms, reframing

Question 35

Extended Family Systems (Bowen)

Answer 35

Differentiation - ability to separate intellectual and emotional functioning “emotional triangles” Maladaptive beh. Multigenerational transmission of low differentiation Treatment: Joining Genogram of family relationships Go to family of origin to resolve issues

Question 36

Structural family therapy (Minuchin)

Answer 36

Boundary problems Hi boundaries —> too diffuse Lo boundaries —> enmeshed Boundary problems Detouring- overprotecting or blaming child to distract from marital problems Stable coalition- parent and kid pairing up Triangulation - child put in middle Malad beh results from boundary issues and inflexible structure Treatment: Joining (mimesis and blending) Evaluate the structure to change it Restructure via enacting and reframing

Question 37

Behavioral Family Therapy

Answer 37

Maladaptive behavior maintained from antecedents and consequences ``` Treatment: Focused on observational data Use reinforcement Communications and problem- solving skills Use CBT approaches ```

Question 38

Objects Relations Therapy

Answer 38

Intrapsychic conflicts in family of origin Projective identification - provoked a person to behave your projections Treatment: Interpret transferences and resistances Resolve attachments to family introject

Question 39

Strategic Family Therapy (Haley)

Answer 39

Informed by communications, structural and Milton Erickson (hypnosis) Malad. Beh caused by controlling communication patterns ``` Treatment: Alter hierarchies and generational boundaries 1. Social stage 2. Problem stage 3. Interaction ``` Paradoxical intervention - alter behavior in order to see a symptom in a new way

Question 40

Systemic Therapy (Milan)

Answer 40

Circular patterns of action and reaction Maladaptive beh caused by patterns being so fixed that people cant make new choices ``` Treatment: Increase choices Use therapeutic teams One way mirror Hypothesizing Neutrality Paradox Circular questioning ```

Question 41

Feminist Objects Relations

Answer 41

Men and women’s division of labor Mother-son/mother-daughter relationships Girls—> define self in relation to others Boys—> define self in separation

Question 42

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Answer 42

Hypnosis—>alternations in memory, cognition, perception Acupuncture- endorphins, flow of qi, relieves pain and chemotherapy side effects Reflexology - restores energy flow and promotes relaxation

Question 43

Health Belief Model

Answer 43

Health impacted by Perceived susceptibility to illness and consequences Evaluation of cost benefits Internal and external cues to action

Question 44

Caplan’s Mental Health Consultation

Answer 44

Client centered case- help therapist with patient problems Consultee-centered - help consulted with their problems (theme interference can block progress, type of transference) Consultee-centered administrative - improve professional functioning of staff Program-centered administrative - help admin with program

Question 45

Howard Er al

Answer 45

Dose dependent response to treatment 26 sessions - 75% do better 52- 85% improved Stages Remoralization (hopefulness) Remediation (symptoms improved) Rehabilitation (live evaluation improved)