CLINICAL USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CLINICAL USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS Deck (56)
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1
Q

DRUGS FOR STRICTLY AEROBIC BACTERIA

A

1) AZTREONAM
2) AMINOGLYCOSIDES

2
Q

DRUGS FOR STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

A

METRONIDAZOLE

CLINDAMYCIN

3
Q

BACTERICIDAL DRUGS

A

“VB-FAMS”

VANCOMYCIN

B-LACTAMS

FLUOROQUINOLONES

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

METRONIDAZOLE

STREPTOGRAMINS

4
Q

BACTERIOSTATIC

A

MC’s TTS –> STATIC b/c you want them to stay there

MACROLIDES (b/c big tits)

CLINDAMYCIN

TRIMETHOPRIM

TETRACYCLINES

SULFONAMIDES

5
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL ELIMINATION

RENAL OR HEPATIC?

A

HEPATIC: Chlorine Cleans Everyting Naf Car

1) CHLROAMPHENICOL
2) CLINDAMYCIN
3) ERYTHROMYCIN
4) NAFCILLIN
5) CLARITHROMYCIN

Everything else = RENAL (note the only C for renal is cephalosporin)

6
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

A

Possible damage to the 8th crnail nerve of the fetus

7
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

TETRACYLINES, GLYCYLCLINES

A

Tooth enamel dysplaisa, inhibitiong of bone growth

8
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

SULFONAMIDES

A

KERNICTERUS (displacement of bilribuin from serum albumin)

9
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

GRAY BABY SYNDROME

10
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

FLUOROQUINOLONES

A

TENDON RUPTURE/DAMAGE

11
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

NITROFURANTOIN

A

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

12
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

TRIMETHOPRIM

A

FOLATE DEFICIENCY

13
Q

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS ON FETUS + NEONATE:

METRONIDAZOLE

A

UNKNOWN SAFETY (just like going on the metro)

14
Q

SURGICAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS

1) CARDIOTHORACIC
2) COLORECTAL
3) GENERAL SURGERY
4) NEUROSURGICAL
5) ORTHOPEDICS
6) VASCULAR SURGERY

FOR EACH DO ANTIMICROBAL + IF PATIENT ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN

A
15
Q

ANTIBIOTICS THAT FREQUENTLY CAUSE C. DIFF

A

1) CLINDAMYCIN
2) AMPICILLIN
3) AMOXICILLIN
4) CEPHALOSPORINS
5) FLUOROQUINOLONES

16
Q

TREATMENT OF C DIFF

A

1) METRONIDAZOLE
2) VANCOMYCIN
3) FIDAXOMICIN

17
Q

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

A
18
Q

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS PROPHYLAXIS!

A

1) RIFAMPIN
2) CIPROFLOXACIN
3) CEFTRIAXONE

19
Q

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA - EMPIRICAL TREATMENT

OUTPATIENTS

A

OUTPATIENTS

PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY + NO USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS WITHIN PREVIOUS 3 MONTHS:

1) MACROLIDE or
2) DOXYCYCLINE

PRESENCE OF COMORBIDITIES; immunosuppressing conditions or use of immunosuppressing drugs; or use of antimicrobials within previous 3 months

1) RESPIRATORY FLUOROQUINOLONE
2) B-LACTAM + MACROLIDE

20
Q

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA - EMPIRICAL TREATMENT

INPATIENTS

A

NON-ICU: respiratory fluoroquinolone OR B-lactam + macrolide

ICU: BLACTAM + either

  • azithromycin or a
  • respiratory fluoroquinolone

For PENICILLIN-ALLERGIC PATIENTS, a

  • 1) respiratory fluoroquinolone
  • 2) + AZTREONAM
21
Q

ANAEROBE (ASPIRATION) TX

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) B-LACTAM
2) B-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR
3) CLINDAMYCIN

NO ALTERNATIVE DRUGS

22
Q

BACTEROIDES

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) METRONIDAZOLE

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1) CLINDAMYCIN,
2) CARBAPENEMS,
3) PENICILLINS + B-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR,
4) CHLORAMPHENICOL

23
Q

BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE = MACROLIDE

ALTERNATIVE:

TMP-SMX

24
Q

BRUCELLA

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) DOXYCYCLINE + MACROLIDE

25
Q

CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AZITHROMYCIN

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS

1) ERYTHROMYCIN

2) CIPROFLOXACIN

26
Q

CHANCROID

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AZITHROMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, CEFTRIAXONE, CIPROFLOXACIN

ALTERNATIVE = none

27
Q

C. TRACHOMATIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AZITHROMYCIN (or other macrolide)

2) DOXYCYCLINE

Alternative drugs:

1) FLUOROQUINOLONE

28
Q

C. DIFFICILE

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) METRONIDAZOLE

ALTERNATIVE

1) VANCOMYCIN, FIDAXOMICIN

29
Q

C. PERFRINGENS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) IV PENICILLIN G+/- CLINDAMYCIN

Alternative drugs:

1) CEPHALOSPORINS, DOXYCYCLINE

30
Q

ENTEROBACTER SPP

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CARBAPENEM

2) CEFEPIME

Alternative drugs:

1) AMINOGLYCOSIDE
2) TMP-SMX,
3) FLUOROQUINOLONE

31
Q

ENTEROCOCUS SPP

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1 ) AMPICILLIN +/- GENTAMICIN

2) VANCOMYCIN +/- GENTAMICIN

ALTERNATIVE:

1 )LINEZOLID

2) DAPTOMYCIN
3) STREPTOGRAMINS

A
32
Q

E. COLI

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CEPHALOSPORINS
2) FLUOROQUINOLONES

Alternative drugs:

-many penicillins +/-

33
Q

G. VAGINALIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) METRONIDAZOLE

ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT:

1 )CLINDAMYCIN

34
Q

H. INFLUENZAE (otitis, sinusitis, etc…)

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CEFTRIAXONE

2) CEFOTAXIME

Alternative drugs:

1 )AMPICILLIN-SULBACTAM

2) MEROPENEM

35
Q

KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CEFTRIAXONE
2) CEFOTAXIME

Alterative drugs:

1) FLUOROQUINOLONE

36
Q

LEGIONELLA SP.

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) FLUOROQUINOLONE OR
2) MACROLIDE

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1 )TMP-SMX

2) DOXYCYCLINE

37
Q

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AMPICILLIN +/- GENTAMICIN

Alterative Treatment:

1) TMP-SMX

38
Q

M. CATARRHALIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AMOXACILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID
2) 2nd/3rd generation CEPHALOSPORINS
3) TMP-SMX

Alterative drugs:

1) AZITHROMYCIN
2) CLARITHROMYCIN

39
Q

MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) MACROLIDE or
2) TETRACYCLINE

Alterative drugs:

1) RESPITARORY FLUOROQUINOLONES

40
Q

N. GONORRHOAE

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CEFTRIAXONE AND
2) AZITHROMYCIN/DOXYCYLIN

Alterative drugs:

1) AZITHROMYCIN/DOXYCYCLINE

41
Q

N. MENINGITIDIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN (usually CEFTRIAXONE)

Alternative drugs:

1) PENICILLIN G
2) CHLORAMPHENICOL
3) FLUOROQUINOLONE

42
Q

P. MIRABILIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AMPICILLIN (sketchy says sulfonamide… eggs on ground)

Alternative drugs:

1) CEPHALOSPORINS
2) PENICILLINS + B-LACATMASE INHIBITORS
3) AMINOGLYCOSIDES
4) TMP-SMX
5) FLUOROQUINOLONES

43
Q

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) ANTIPSEUDOMONAL B-LACTAM + CIPROFLOXACIN

Alternative drugs:

1) LEVOFLOXACIN
2) AMINOGLYCOSIDE

44
Q

RICKETTSIA

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) DOXYCYCLINE

Alterative drugs:

1) CHLORAMPHENICOL
2) FLUOROQUINOLONES

45
Q

SALMONELLA TYPHI

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) CEFTRIAXONE OR
2) FLUOROQUINOLONE (ciprofloxacin)

Alterative drugs:

1) Chloramphenicol
2) TMP-SMX
3) Ampicillin

46
Q

SERRATIA SPP.

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AMINOGLYCOSIDE + ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL B-LACTAM

Alterative drugs:

1) FLUOROQUINOLONE

47
Q

SHIGELLA

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) AMPICILLIN

2) TMP-SMX

Alterative drugs:

1) FLUOROQUINOLONE
2) CEFTRIAXONE

48
Q

S. AUREUS OR EPIDERMIS

(METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE)

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE =

1) NAFCILLIN, OXACILLIN, DICLOXACILLIN = ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS

Alterative drugs:

1) CEPHALOSPORIN
2) CLINDAMYCIN
3) FLUOROQUINOLONE
4) IMIPENEM

49
Q

S. AUREUS OR EPIDERMIS

(METHICILLIN RESISTANT)

A

Drug of first choice:

1) VANCOMYCIN

2) LINEZOLID

Alternatives:

1) Daptomycin
2) Doxycycline
3) Fluoroquinolone
4) Streptogramins

50
Q

STREP PNEUMONIAE

(PENICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE)

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) PENICILLIN G

2) AMOXICILLIN

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1) CEPHALOSPORIN
2) CLINDAMYCIN
3) FLUOROQUINOLONE
4) MACROLIDE
5) TMP-SMX

51
Q

STREP PNEUMONIAE

(PENICILLIN RESISTANT)

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN (CEFTRIAXONE)

2) FLUOROQUINOLONE

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1) VANCOMYCIN
2) LINEZOLID
3) STREPTOGRAMINS

52
Q

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

1) DOXYCYCLINE (penicillin allergic patients)

53
Q

TRICHOMONIASIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) METRONIDAZOLE

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

NONE

54
Q

TULAREMIA (FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS)

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) STREPTOMYCIN

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

2) GENTAMICIN/CHLORAMPHENICOL

55
Q

YERSINIA PESTIS

A

DRUGS OF FIRST CHOICE:

1) STREPTOMYCIN

ALTERNATIVE DRUGS:

2) DOXYCYCLINE

56
Q
A