Clinician's Guide Menopause Practice Chapter 11 Flashcards
(264 cards)
What types of hormone drugs are considered for women during perimenopause?
Prescription hormone drugs, including contraceptives, hormone therapy (HT), androgens, and estrogen agonists/antagonists, and nonprescription, over-the-counter (OTC) hormones.
These treatments are used to manage symptoms associated with perimenopause and beyond.
What should be considered for women with premature or early menopause?
Hormone therapy (HT) until the average age of menopause to prevent health consequences of estrogen loss.
This includes natural, induced, or surgical menopause.
What have numerous clinical trials shown about hormone therapy (HT)?
HT is effective in preventing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of fractures.
What is the benefit of low-dose vaginal estrogen for women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)?
It can be used at any age with benefit and minimal risk without the need for opposing progestogen therapy.
What is the status of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women in the U.S. and Canada?
There are no FDA-approved testosterone therapies for this use.
What are the risks associated with compounded, non-FDA approved therapies?
Lack of rigorous safety and efficacy testing, lack of government regulation, concerns about batch standardization, overdosing or underdosing, and purity and sterility concerns.
What should perimenopausal women who wish to avoid pregnancy be counseled about?
Various birth control methods.
What factors influence contraceptive choice in perimenopausal women?
Symptoms of perimenopause, concomitant medical conditions, and the desire for long-acting or permanent contraception.
What are effective contraceptive options for perimenopausal women?
Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), including those with and without estrogen, and intrauterine devices (IUDs).
What are long-acting reversible contraceptive methods?
Copper IUD, levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUS), and etonogestrel subdermal implant.
What are the CDC guidelines for contraceptive use?
US Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (SPR) and US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (MEC).
What does the MEC categorize contraceptive methods based on?
Safety when used in women with various medical conditions.
What are the four categories of contraceptive eligibility according to MEC?
- No restriction for use
- Advantages generally outweigh risks
- Risks usually outweigh advantages
- Unacceptable health risk if used.
True or False: There are contraceptive methods contraindicated based solely on age.
False.
What is a common adverse effect of using intrauterine contraception (IUD)?
Irregular uterine bleeding and spotting.
What is the effectiveness duration of the 52-mg LNG-IUS in the U.S.?
Approved for 5 years but remains effective for up to 7 years.
What is a noncontraceptive use of the 52-mg LNG-IUS?
To prevent bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women using estrogen therapy.
What is the amenorrhea rate at 1 year for the 19.5-mg LNG-IUS?
19%.
What is the principal adverse effect associated with the copper IUD?
Increased cramping and menstrual flow.
What is the risk of uterine perforation during IUD insertion?
Approximately 1 per 1,000 insertions.
What are the routes of delivery for progestin-only contraceptives?
- IUD
- Subdermal implant
- Injection
- Oral contraceptives (OCs).
What is the effect of progestin-only contraceptives on menstrual bleeding?
They decrease menstrual bleeding and menstrual-related disorders.
What type of contraceptive is depot MPA?
A progestin-only injectable contraceptive.
How often is depot MPA administered?
Every 3 months.