Clinician's view of pathogenic microbes

Question 1

what are the 4 types of pneumonia-meningitis bacteria?

Answer 1

1. Strep pneumoniae (MCC meningitis > 18 y/o)
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Neisseria meningitidis (MCC of meningitis 1 month - 18 y/o)
4. moraxella catarrhalis (bloodstream invasion rare)

Question 2

what do all the bacteria that cause meningitis have in common?

Answer 2

they all have capsules (that make them resistant to phagocytosis)

Question 3

what are the vaccines made of that protect against microbes causing bacterial meningitis?

Answer 3

made of capsular polysaccharide

Question 4

what kind of pts are at an increased risk of overwhelming sepsis + meningitis?

Answer 4

asplenic pts

Question 5

what kind of bacteria cause dental caries?

Answer 5

strep mutans (type of viridans strep)

Question 6

what are the HACEK microbes?

Answer 6

H-hemophilus A-actinobacillus C-Cardiobacterium E-Eikenella K-kingella tiny, fastidious, G neg. bacilli that can cause endocarditis

Question 7

the infections caused by the not so bad staph and strep are generally not fulminant except in what pts?

Answer 7

granulocytopenic pts

Question 8

Staph Aureus likes to inhabit what part of skin?

Answer 8

ant. nares

Question 9

staph aureus can cause pneumonia in what kind of pts?

Answer 9

pts on ventilators (ventilator assoc. pneumonia)

Question 10

name the microbe: infects prosthetic devices & iv catheters by producing adherent biofilms, and csf shunts?

Answer 10

staph epidermis

Question 11

name the microbe: G+, cocci, Cat+, clusters, Coag neg. novobiocin sensitive

Answer 11

Staph epidermis

Question 12

what is erysipelas and what pathogen causes it?

Answer 12

a fiery-red, rapidly enlarging, painful patch of skin and subq tissue; caused by Strep pyogenes

Question 13

where do group B strep (strep. agalactiae) like to live?

Answer 13

colon and vagina

Question 14

which pathogen is the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in the neonate?

Answer 14

Group B strep

Question 15

how does the neonate acquire a group b strep infection?

Answer 15

acquired from birth through vaginal canal (can use antibiotics for prophylaxis if mom is carrier)

Question 16

name the pathogen: cousins to strep, G+ cocci, seen in pairs, normal GU & GI flora of low virulence, usually part of mixed infections, can cause UTIs and endocarditis

Answer 16

enterococci (group D strep)

Question 17

when you find enterococci in the blood stream what should be thinking about as far as sources?

Answer 17

IV catheters, GI lesions (esp. tumors)

Question 18

which pathogens are considered the world’s most antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Answer 18

enterococci (group D strep)

Question 19

how do you treat enterococci infections?

Answer 19

takes 2: penicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 20

which pathogen is considered to be the most famous nonfermenter and is a gram neg. rod, oxidase +

Answer 20

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 21

which pathogen flourishes in pts treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and is an important cause of nosocomial infections esp. UTIs, & IV catheter

Answer 21

candida

Question 22

name the pathogen: a diptheroid (club-shaped gram-positive rod) that is an important cause of meningitis in neonates

Answer 22

listeria monocytogenes

Question 23

name the pathogen: cause of chronic meningitis in both normal & IC pts, distinctive capsule seen on india ink preps of CSF

Answer 23

cryptococcus (Y)

Question 24

name the pathogen: causes a necrotizing sinusitis that invades the brain in pts with DKA & in severely IC or granulocytopenic pts

Answer 24

zygomycetes (M) dz = rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Question 25

which systemic fungal pathogen is acquired in teh southwest and of the 3 (coccidioides, blasto, histo) is the most apt to invade the CNS to cause meningitis?

Answer 25

coccidioides (Y)

Question 26

name the pathogen: yeast that causes lymphangitis in the form of subq nodular inflamm. lesions marching up a lymphatic vessel after a puncture wound, esp. in gardners who use sphagnum moss

Answer 26

sporothrix

Question 27

which pathogens are considered the smallest free-living organisms?

Answer 27

mycoplasmas

Question 28

which pathogens has no cell wall and is the leading cause of atypical pneumonia?

Answer 28

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 29

what kinds of infections are caused by M. hominis & ureaplasma?

Answer 29

genital tract infections, esp. urethritis in men and postpartum endometritis in women

Question 30

which pathogen is the MC sexually transmitted GU infection?

Answer 30

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Question 31

which serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

Answer 31

L1, L2, L3

Question 32

which pathogen causes psittacosis?

Answer 32

Chlamydiae psittaci, severe febrile pneumonia acquired from birds

Question 33

which bacterial pathogens can't make their own ATP?

Answer 33

Chlamydiae (obligate intracellular organisms)

Question 34

where do the rickettsiae replicate?

Answer 34

replicate intracellularly esp. in endothelial cells

Question 35

which pathogen, that can be cultured on artificial media can ause cat-scratch disease, trench fever, bartonellosis, peliosis hepatis bacillary angiomatosis ( an AIDs disease)

Answer 35

bartonellae

Question 36

which two pathogens are known to be causes of fever of unknown origin in normal and IC hosts?

Answer 36

bartonellosis ehrilichiosis

Question 37

name the pathogen: monocytes with morula (berry-like ) inclusion in cytoplasm

Answer 37

ehrlichiosis

Question 38

which helminth can live its entire cycle in humans?

Answer 38

strongyloides (threadworm)

Question 39

what is the term for when strongyloides take e. coli with them to various organs?

Answer 39

piggyback sepsis

Question 40

what is the most common parasitic disease worldwide?

Answer 40

ascariasis

Question 41

what types of viruses tend to cause acute infections?

Answer 41

RNA viruses

Question 42

name the pathogen: causes cold sores, rarely severe necrotizing encephalitis

Answer 42

HSV1

Question 43

what is the most common manifestation of HSV1 in IC pt?

Answer 43

esophagitis

Question 44

name the pathogen: causes genital herpes, severe infections in neonate

Answer 44

HSV2

Question 45

how could you help prevent neonate from infection of HSV when mom has active genital herpes at the time of birth?

Answer 45

C-section

Question 46

which virus causes roseola (aka exanthem subitum, baby measles)?

Answer 46

HHV-6

Question 47

the roseola virus is cytopathic for what kind of cells?

Answer 47

CD4 cellS

Question 48

subclinical reactivation of what roseola is common in what circumstances?

Answer 48

immunodeficiency and CMV infection

Question 49

which virus causes Kaposi's sarcoma?

Answer 49

HHV8