cloning and e

Question 1

a blastocyst is a source of what type of stem cell?
aunipotent
b. totipotent
c. multipotent
d.pluripotent

Answer 1

d pluripotent

Question 2

THERE ARE CERTAIN ORGANS IN HUMAN THAT
ARE ABLE TO REGENERATE TO FULL FUNCTION
RATHER THAN HEALING/FORMING SCAR TISSUE.
A. True
B. False

Answer 2

ze liva tru

Question 3

therapeutic cloning involves___ ___ or __

Answer 3

therapeutic cloning invloves growing new tissues or organs

Question 4

reproductive cloning ____ new____ or____

Answer 4

reproductive cloning creates new individuals or animals

Question 5

true or false therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning is what we did in the bacterial transformation lab?

Answer 5

false its different. cloning a gene

Question 6

the bacterial transfromation we did has the cloning process of

Answer 6

identifying, isolating, and making copies of a gene

Question 7

how is cloning related to stem cells?

Answer 7

the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer which creates an embryo that is either implanted and allowed to develop there fore creating an individual. or the embryo can be used as a soutce of totipotent/pluripotent stem cells

Question 8

can the method of creating induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) cells (from adult cells) be used to clone people?

Answer 8

probably not/ pluripotent stem cells cannot differentiate into extra-embryonic cells, which form the placenta and are necessary for embryonic/fetal development.

Question 9

t/f pluripotent stem cells cannot differentiate into extra-embryonic cells, which form the placenta ncessary for embryonic/fetal development.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are clones

Answer 10

organisms with identical genetic material. the sewuence of bases in their DNA is exactly the same.

Question 11

before dolly the sheep scientists made clones of cells within the labratory. tf.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

a plant cutting is a clone t/f

Answer 12

true

Question 13

when an embryonic egg cell start to change into different types of cells like skin cells, blood cells, muscle celles its called and although it has and is made of the same genetic material it only acess genes needed for its particular function

Answer 13

differentiation.

Question 14

g0 state

Answer 14

similar state to embryonic cells.

Question 15

t/f dolly the sheep looked exactly like the other sheep they cloned her from (the egg cell)

Answer 15

false. she was white faced when the other was black. she was the only one.

Question 16

true or false dolly was created through utter cells

Answer 16

true

Question 17

the second group to clone an animal from an adult cell was cloning

Answer 17

mice- not grown in culture but used directly injected into the eg cell with removed nucleus and replaced with a brown mouse the white host mother gave birth to cumulina named after the cumulus cells she was named after. same dna of the nucleus mother. sucesfully made several generations of clones.

Question 18

t/f several animals have been cloned from the female cells

Answer 18

true

Question 19

t/f scientists hope to clone organs that can be transplanted into humans

Answer 19

true

Question 20

in 1966 ___ was cloned

Answer 20

dolly the sheep was cloned from adult cells. the udder cell of an adult sheet fused with enucleated egg. (rpelaced the nucleus)

Question 21

t/f in 2010 dolly was again cloned four times from the same tissue that created dolly to create four new clones of dolly

Answer 21

true

Question 22

t/f all cloned embryos are sucessful

Answer 22

false. 90% are not only 10% are sucessful

Question 23

why might clones via somatic cell nuclear transfer suffer from premature aging?

Answer 23

as an organism ages and cells divide the protective dna caps at the end of the chromosomes, callled telomeres get shorter.
after many rounds of cell division the telomere will so short the cell no longer diveds becoming inactive or dying. the shortening process is associated with aging diseas and high risk of other things. dna in the nucleus of somatic cell will already have shortened telomeres in comparison with reproductive (sperm/egg) cells.

Question 24

telomeres

Answer 24

end caps that protect the chromosome.

Question 25

telomere length doesnt decline as we age.

Answer 25

false it does.

Question 26

why do we have telomeres?

Answer 26

the rna primer that binds to the dna template as a starting point of replication for dna polymerase is not at the end of every chormosome this means with each round of replication dna strand is a little bit shorter. the chromosomes shorten by approximately 50-250 base pairs per round of cell division if we didn't have telomeres at the ends of each chromosome, we would potentially lose protein- coding DNA with each round of DNA replication/cell division.

Question 27

telomerase

Answer 27

the enzyme that repairs (extends) telomeres is called

Question 28

why don't we start our lives with short telomeres if DNA is from our parents?

Answer 28

the enzyme telomerase is highly expressed in cells that divide rapidly-- like reproductive and embryonic cells. somatic (body cells) have alow expression level of telomerase

Question 29

somatic cells

Answer 29

body cell

Question 30

are clones guaranteed to live shorter lives bc of "old" DNA?

Answer 30

not necessarily. the cloned cows from senescent epithelial cells had calves that showed extended telomeres equivalent to age-matched control calves.

Question 31

cloning controversy

Answer 31

is it safe? french scientists restored theh hhyouth of 100-year-old-cells. should we use this technology to bring back extinct species?

Question 32

what is viagen pets?

Answer 32

viagen is a compant that offers genetic preservation and cloning of cats, dogs and horses. cat=~35000 doc=~50000 horse=~=~85000

Question 33

epigenetics

Answer 33

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than the alteration of the genetic code itself. how the information in dna is used and how genese are inactivated or activated can cause individuals w same gentic info=exhibit diff traits. how DNA activates in genes. nature versus nurture. epigenetic traits can effect someones whole life. can be a good ling

Question 34

rainbow and cc

Answer 34

the first cloned cats. december 22,2001 1/84 implanted embryos. is having a healthy life and had a litter of kittens the natural way in 2006.

Question 35

if cc is a clone of rainbow, why don't they look identical?

Answer 35

coat color is on x chromosomes, two alleles for the gene brown coat and orange coat. x-inactivatoin (lyonization) inactivates one copy of x chromososme to keep the genetic dosage the same, during the blastocyst stage each cell undergoes random lyonzation to be packaged tightly into a structure known as heterochromatin or barr body, that x chromosome is unable to be translated therefore the genes are not expressed. therefore the cell taken from rainbow to create cc was a cell that had the x chromosome with the orange allele inactivated.

Question 36

nature vs nurture genetic determinism (vs epigenitics) not every thing is determined by dna sequencing. what is genetic dterminism?

Answer 36

the idea that everything about human beings is determined by our genes, regardless of environmental influences. there is a widespread agreement among thie scientific community that this is NOT true.

Question 37

each of the approx 200 cell types in the body have its own genome but its own distinct epigenome t/f

Answer 37

true

Question 38

social experiences can effect epigenetic genomes t/f

Answer 38

true

Question 39

epigenetic traits can be passed onto the children

Answer 39

true

Question 40

epigenenomic genomes are permenat tf

Answer 40

false can change depending on lifestyle

Question 41

genomic imprinting is the

Answer 41

epigenetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific maner.

Question 42

humans are ___ diploid organisms, meaning that somatic cells contain two copies of each gene---- one from mom and one from dad t/f

Answer 42

true diploid organisms

Question 43

for most autosomal genes, ecpression of bot halleles happen simultaneously t/f

Answer 43

true

Question 44

for less than 1% of the genes, the gene is imprinted and ________ the allele for the genes is expressed, depending on the parental origin

Answer 44

only 1 copy of.

Question 45

t/f the gene for insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is only expressed from the allele inherited by the mother

Answer 45

false its inherited from the father.

Question 46

the story of 2 cloned mice is an example of epigenetics in action t/f

Answer 46

true