regenerative medicine

Question 1

regenerative medicine’s goal is to

Answer 1

replace or reboot tissues or ogans damaged because of disease injury age, or other issues instead of treating symptoms with medication and procedures.

Question 2

repair vs regeneration
repair____

Answer 2

restores tissue makeup and function
scar tissues
bloodvessel distruption, clotting and inflammatory responses
heals major types of damage
non-functional tissue
-can lead to structural abnormalities-this can alter certain organ function.

Question 3

repair vs regeneration
regeneration

Answer 3

new growth completely restores part of damaged tissue
does not form scar tissue
proliferation of calls in the tissue
heals minor types of damages
functional tissues
healing with no permanent damage

Question 4

repair examples

Answer 4

wound healing
skin is cut or screaped it causes bleeding, bllod clots formed to control the bleeding
created by platelet cells and contain fibrin
inflammation occurs due to opening of blood vessels to allow oxygen to the healing area
bloodcells help new tissue and we see scar formation
new tissue becomes stronger, in 3 months wound is 80% as strong as it was pre-injurt. it iwll never fully repair to 100% larger cuts and injuries may take up to years.

Question 5

would healing phases

Answer 5

inflammatory phase, proliferative phase maturation phase

Question 6

regeneration examples

Answer 6

liver cells change and divide until fully repaired unless they need more. can grow to normal size even if after 90% is removed
peripheral nervous system- schwann cells (myelin sheath) wrapped aroud axons are differentiated back into stem cells and bridge gaps to repair neurons

Question 7

regeneration happens at three biological levels:

Answer 7

molecular, cellular, and tissue

Question 8

molecular regeneration

Answer 8

this includes small molecules that are the building blocks of the body, like DNA,Fats, and caarbohydrates

Question 9

cellular regeneration

Answer 9

this includes cell structures like neurons or axons that are responsible for cell growth and reproduction in your body

Question 10

tissue regeneration

Answer 10

this includes blood, skin, bone, or muscle

Question 11

stem cells

Answer 11

the bodys raw materials, cells from which other cells with specialized functions are generated

Question 12

regeneration therapies and conditions are used for
1. type 1 diabetes
2. cardiobascular tissue repait
3. brain injury repair
4 immune system improvement
5 cell therapu
6 tissue engineering
7 skin wounds
8 certain cancers
9 bone tissue repair
and 10. organ transplants
t/f

Answer 12

true all of them

Question 13

under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide and form more cells called _____

Answer 13

daughter cells.

Question 14

daughter cells become either _____ stem cells or _____ with a more specified function.

Answer 14

new or specialized. examples blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, one cells.

Question 15

true or false no other cell in the body has the natural ability to generate new cell types. only stem cells.

Answer 15

true.

Question 16

types of stem cells 4 types

Answer 16

embryonic stem cells, non-embryonic (adult) stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and cord and tissue stem cells

Question 17

embryonic stem cells

Answer 17

can give rise to virtually any cell in the body

Question 18

totipotent cells are

Answer 18

embryonic cells in 1-3 days

Question 19

pluripotent cells are

Answer 19

embryonic stem cells from the embryo 4 and 5 days old

Question 20

non-embryonic (adult) stem cells

Answer 20

cells from infant/children/adults. used by the body to repair and replace damaged tissue in the same area in which they are found.

Question 21

induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

Answer 21

adult cells turned into plutipotent cells.

Question 22

to create ipscs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult cells so they can behave like ________________. .they can differentiate into various types of specialized cells.

Answer 22

to behave like embryonic stem cells.

Question 23

cord and tissue stem cells

Answer 23

cord blood stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord after child birth.

Question 24

how are stem cells used in regenerative medicine?

Answer 24

1. grow new cells in a laboratory to replace damaged organs or tissues
2. correct parts of organs that don’t work properly
3. research the causes of genetic defects in cells
4. research how diseases occur in cells (i.e. cancer cells) andh ow to cure them.

Question 25

sahsha, a girl bor nwith cerebral palsy was helped using

Answer 25

cord stem cells that her parents banked.

Question 26

cellular therapies are designed to help the bodys imune system to fight cancer. human cells are ______ to replace or repair damaged tissues or cells.

Answer 26

cells are transplanted to replace or repair

Question 27

til and tcr therapies can only target and eliminate cancer cells that present antigens in a certain context- scientists equip a patients t cells with a synthetic recptor known as ___. in ____t cell therapy

Answer 27

CAR- chimeric antigen receptor, t cell therapy.

Question 28

harvest naturally occuring t cells that have already infiltrated a patients tumors, then activates and expands tham. after, a large numbers of these activated t cells are re-infused into patients, where they seek our and destroy tumors in this type of therapy. expanding these gives the patient a larger army of immune cells that are already trained to fight tumors. in this therapy

Answer 28

tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy

Question 29

involves taking t cells from patients, but instead of just activating and expanding the available anti-tumor t cells, the t cells can also be equipped with a new t cell receptor that enables them to target specific cancer antigens. this treatment can be tailored to a patients specific needs. in this type of therapy

Answer 29

Engineered T Cell (TCR) Therapy.

Question 30

A type of cellular immunotherapy, just like car-t cell therapy. like t-cells, nk cells form part of the immune system and attack germs and other malignant cells in this ype. of therapy.

Answer 30

Natural Killer (NK) Cell Therapy

Question 31

TIL therapy is differs from CAR T therapy because the cells have to be

Answer 31

genetically modified to recognize tumor cells.

Question 32

how til therapy works in a therapy guided flow chart

Answer 32

isolation, activation, expansion re-infusion (more on 11/29 lecture slife). one time treatment, patients stay in hospital for a few days post treatment.

Question 33

the practicce of combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules into functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissues is called.

Answer 33

what is tissue engineering?

Question 34

tissue enginering how to have it ready to be done

Answer 34

cell isolation, cell expansion, 3d scaffold, tissue development, (growth factor in and cells in petridish type thing), and then implantation.

Question 35

scaffold

Answer 35

porus, biodegradablea, biocompmatoble surface for cellular adhesion and proliferation made to withstand mechanical performance. ex bone tissue engineering. bio ceramics, polymers and metalic biomaterials/ sppongey like thing but hard, like a pumus stone i guess i think so anyway.

Question 36

omething good for use for scaffolds in cartilage, bone, and tissue engineering that is porus, similar to a natural extra cellular matrix, requires a minimally invasive injection, and is able to match irregular defects. that also starts ar a regular tempreture and then solidify in the desired gel is called?

Answer 36

hydro gels like a replacement for cartilage. the knee thing nicolette mentioned. starts as a gel and then feels similar

Question 37

how hydrogels work

Answer 37

cartilage bone defects + stem cells + cell speration, then cell proliferation, then cell cocultured with hydrogel to creat injectable

Question 38

medical devices

Answer 38

are engineered robotics and tech machines created to support a failing organ or body part. ex VAD (ventricular assistive device)