Cloud And Virtualization Compuuting (Chapter 7)

Question 1

Virtualization

Answer 1

A software that allows a host computer to run multiple OS known as Virtual Machines
- Requires a hypervisor (manages virtual machines)

Question 2

Virtualization Use cases

Answer 2

Client side sandbox
- used for isolated testing environment and over different OS

Server side
- better hardware utilisation by defining hardware requirements

Application virtualization
- software installed on a server that can be streamed to client systems

Container Virtualization
-Run/test applications over different virtual environments

Question 3

Hypervisor

Answer 3

Virtual machine manager
- Virtual machines run in a protected space
- CPU, Memory, Storage and OS can all be config via hypervisor when setting up
- Network adapter (NIC) are emulated

Question 4

Functions of Hypervisor

Answer 4

• Emulation
• Guest OS support (OS updates, virus scan)
• Assigning resources for each Guest OS
• Configuring network
• Configuring Security

Question 5

Type 2 Hypervisor

Answer 5

A host based hypervisor in which you first install the OS then the hypervisor.
- main OS is first loaded then the hypervisor can be loaded to create a VM

Question 6

Type 1 Hypervisor

Answer 6

A hypervisor that is first installed and loaded when the system boots
- no underlining OS

Question 7

Virtualization CPU requirements

Answer 7

CPUs need built in instructions sets capable of handling VM
- Intel: VT
- AMD: AMD-V
SLAT (second-level address translation)
- hardware virtualization technology that reduces Hypervisor overhead (memory requires for VM)
- Intel: EPT
- AMD: RVI
Multiple CPU resources
- SMP (symmetric multiprocessing)
- Multi-core

Question 8

Virtual Networks

Answer 8

VMs can communicate with other VMs by using standard networking protocols (TCP/IP)
- VMs has an emulated a NIC
- Virtual Switch allows VMs to connect to each other

Question 9

Client-Side Virtualization

Answer 9

Type 2 Hypervisor solution in which a user can access/create a virtual machine directly on Thier desktop.
Uses:
- Virtual Labs (testing)
- legacy software
- development environment
- training

Question 10

Server-Side Virtualization

Answer 10

Type 1 Hypervisor where a server has multiple virtual machines running in which they each act as a separate machine

Question 11

Server Consolidation

Answer 11

Allows the full use of all resources on a server to be allocated to multiple VMs

Question 12

Virtualization Security Requirements

Answer 12

Guest OS
- all VMs must be patched and protected against malware
- Security Software can cause performance issues ( scan during off peak)
- Rogue VM and VM Sprawl are major security issues

Question 13

VM Sprawl

Answer 13

uncontrolled development of multiple VM

Question 14

Rogue VM

Answer 14

An unauthorised VM that has been set up

Question 15

DoS

Answer 15

Denial of Service- an attack that attempt to disrupt a service by overloading is
DoS attack on a Hypervisor host server will cause significant damage to all VMs loaded.
- can be helped with Snapshots

Question 16

VM escaping

Answer 16

Malware on a VM that is able to hop to another VM or directly to the Host
- ensure Hypervisor is updated with latest security patch

Question 17

Cloud

Answer 17

Is a computing model for enabling convenient on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (network, server, storage, application and services)

Question 18

Cloud Computing benefits

Answer 18

Rapid elasticity
Resources pooling
On demand self-service/ pay for use
Measured services

Question 19

Measured services

Answer 19

A providers ability to control and bill a customers use of resources

Question 20

Rapid Elasticity

Answer 20

• system ability to adapt to the demand of resources

Question 21

Cloud models

Answer 21

• Public or multi-tenant
• Hosted private
• Private
• Community
• Hybrid

Question 22

Cloud Service Option

Answer 22

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
- a service that allows a consumer to outsource computing equipment purchase and running their own data centre
SaaS (Software as a Service)
- Allows a service provider to make applications available over the internet
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
- Allows customer to rent fully configured systems that are set up for a specific purpose ( development environment, testing environment)

Question 23

IaaS

Answer 23

A cloud service in which the customer rents the equipment required for the network, the network administration is the customer responsibility.
- Server
- Storage
- Network

Question 24

SaaS

Answer 24

A cloud service that allows a customer to access a service application over the internet (Gmail, YouTube)
SaaS infrastructure:
- Server
- Storage
- Network
- OS & middleware
- Packaged software

Question 25

PaaS

Answer 25

A cloud service that allows the customer to rent a platform that is configured for a specific purpose. PaaS infrastructure: - Server - Storage - Network - OS & middleware

Question 26

Virtual Desktop

Answer 26

VDI: the means of using virtual desktop environments to be used as desktop in corporation

Question 27

Thin Client

Answer 27

A system that has minimal resources that allows the user to boot an OS and login to a Virtual Machine

Question 28

Cloud-based Application

Answer 28

Is an application that is mainly stored on the cloud with the bare minimum stored on the users device, this allows the application to register the application on the device and allow the user to steam the Application over the cloud

Question 29

Container Virtualization

Answer 29

Enforces resources separation at the OS level with each user having a separate OS, can also separate applications allowing only certain containers to have access

Question 30

SDN

Answer 30

Software Defined Networking - a network architecture that uses software to define the Data, control and management planes of a network Management planes/ application layer - Configure and manage device Control plane/ control layer - managed the actions of the data plane Data Plane/ infrastructure layer - Process the frames/ packets on the network