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06 - Computing Infrastructures > Cloud Prov And Virtualization > Flashcards

Cloud Prov And Virtualization Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the consequences of not having virtualization?

A

The software is strongly linked/related with the hardware, therefore, moving/changing in application is not an easy task

Low Flexibility

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2
Q

What are some of the consequences of the virtualization?

A

Hardware independence, software/hardware are no longer strongly related

High flexibility, thanks to pre built virtual machines

OS, and applications can be handled as a single entity

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3
Q

What are the impacts of the virtualization on the evolution of IT systems?

A

Server consolidation

Cloud computing

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4
Q

What are the reasons for server consolidation as an impact of virtualization on the evolution of vital systems?

A

Consolidation management, migration from physical to virtual machines. It is possible to move the virtual machines without interrupting the application running inside. It is also possible to automatically balance the workload, according to set limits and guarantees.

Servers and applications are protected against components and system failure

Different OS can run on the same hardware

Higher hardware utilization

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5
Q

What are some of the reasons for the cloud computing to be the consequence of the virtualization in the development of IT systems?

A

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (network, servers, storage, applications, service) that can be rapidly provision and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

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6
Q

What are the three main services provided by cloud?

A

Cloud application, cloud software environment, and cloud software infrastructure (computational resources, storage, communications)

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7
Q

Define the cloud application layer

A

SaaS

User access the services provided by the layer through web portal and are sometimes required to pay fees to use them

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8
Q

Define the cloud software environmental layer

A

PaaS

Users are application developers

Providers supply developers, with a programming, language level environment with a well-defined API

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9
Q

Define the cloud software infrastructure layer

A

IaaS: Computational
DaaS: Storage
CaaS: Communications

Provides resources to the higher level layers (software and software environment)

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10
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual machines?

A

Advantages, flexibility, and super user

Disadvantages, performance interference, and inability to provide strong warrantees about SLAs

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11
Q

Define the DaaS

A

Data as a service allow the user to store their data at remote discs and access data anytime from any place

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12
Q

Define the CaaS

A

Communication as a service provides communication capabilities, and network securities, dynamic provision of virtual overlay for traffic, isolation or dedicated bandwidth, guaranteed message delay, communication, encryption, and network monitoring

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13
Q

What are the types of clouds?

A

Private, community, hybrid, public

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of public clouds?

A

Large scale infrastructure available on a rental basis

Fully customer self service, service level agreements are advertised, resources are rented via web services

Accountability is e-commerce based

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of pirate clouds?

A

They are internally managed data centers

The organization set up a virtualization environment on its own servers

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16
Q

What are some characteristics of community clouds?

A

They are single cloud managed by several federated organizations

Technically similar to private cloud

Hosted locally or externally

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17
Q

Define some characteristics of hybrid clouds

A

Hybrid already combination of any of the other types

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18
Q

How is cloud implemented?

A

Through virtualization, hardware resources (CPU, run, ECC…) are partitioned and shared along multiple virtual machines

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19
Q

What is the VMM?

A

Virtual machine monitor governs the access to the physical resources among running VM’s

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20
Q

What is the level of ISA in a layered execution model? What is its importance?

A

Level two

It marks the division between hardware and software

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21
Q

What are the two different types of ISA?

A

User ISA, aspects of the ISA that are visible to an application program. When application interacts with the hardware, user ISA is used.

System ISA, aspects visible to supervisor software (I. E., the OS) which is responsible for managing hardware resources. When the OS interacts with the hardware, system ISA is used.

22
Q

What is the level of the ABI in the layered execution model? What does ABI stand for?

A

Application binary interface corresponds to level three in the layered execution model

23
Q

What are the two different interfaces of ABIs?

A

The two interfaces in the application binary interface are the user ISA and the system call (which are calls that allow programs to interact with shared hardware resources, indirectly by OS)

24
Q

What is a virtual machine?

A

It is a logical abstraction able to provide a virtualized execution environment

25
What are the tasks of a VM?
To map virtual resources or states to corresponding physical ones To use physical machining instructions/calls to execute the virtual ones
26
What are the two types of virtual machines?
Process VM’s and system VMs
27
What are the characteristics of process VM’s?
The runtime software supports the levels 0-3 off the architecture Virtualization software replaced at the ABI interface, on top of the OS/hardware combination The virtualizing software emulates both user level instructions and operating system calls
28
Define system VM’s
The VMM support the level 0–2 of the architecture Provide a complete system environments that can support an operating system (potentially with many user processes) Provides operating system running in it access to underlying hardware resources Virtualizing software placed between hardware and software (emulates the ISA interface seen by software )
29
What are the definitions for host and guest?
Host is the underlying platform supporting the environment/system Guest is the software that runs in the VM environment as the guest
30
How does virtualization is implemented?
Given a typical layered architecture of a system by adding layers between execution stock layers
31
Depending on where the layer is placed, we will be taking different types of virtualization what are them?
Hardware level of virtualization, application level virtualization, and system level virtualization
32
Define the hardware level virtualization
Virtualization layer placed between hardware and OS Interface seen by application might be different from the physical one
33
Defined the application level virtualization
If vitalization layer is placed between the OS and some applications Provides the same interface to the applications Application run in their environment, independently from OS
34
Define System level of vitalization
Vitalization layer provides the interface of a physical machine to a secondary OS and a set of application running in it, allowing them to run onto top of an existing OS Placed between the system OS and other Os Enable several OSs to run on a single hardware
35
Define System level of vitalization
Vitalization layer provides the interface of a physical machine to a secondary OS and a set of application running in it, allowing them to run onto top of an existing OS Placed between the system OS and other Os Enable several OSs to run on a single hardware
36
What are the properties of vitalization technologies?
Partitioning, execution of multiple OS on a single physical machine Isolation Encapsulation Hardware independence
37
What are VMMs
Virtual machine manager, virtual machine monitor, or hypervisor are application that manages the virtual machines, mediate access to the hardware resources on the physical host system, and intercept and handles any privileged or protected instructions issued by the virtual machines
38
What are the hypervisor types?
Type one and two
39
Define the type one hyper visor
Type one or bare metal takes direct control of the hardware There are two of them monolithic and microkernel
40
What are monolithic hypervisor and they are advantages and disadvantages?
Device drivers run within the hyper visor It is better for performance and isolation But it can run only on the hardware for which the hypervisor has drivers
41
What are microkernel hypervisor and their advantages and disadvantages?
Device drivers run within a service virtual machine Advantages: Smaller hypervisors and leverage driver ecosystem of an existing, can third-party driver Disadvantages:
42
What are the type two hypervisors?
They resigned within a host operating system. The host OS controls the hardware of the system
43
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the type two hyper visors?
They are more flexible in terms of underlying hardware They are simpler to manage and configure The host OS might consume a non-negligible set of physical resources
44
What are the ways we can implement a system level vitalization
Paravirtualization and full virtualization
45
Define full virtualization
It provides a complete simulation of the underlying hardware
46
What are the advantages and disadvantages of full virtualization
Advantages: Running unmodified OS Complete isolation Disadvantages: Performance Hyper visor mediation Not every architecture
47
Define paravirtualization
Guest OS and VMM collaborates. VMM present to VM an interface similar but not identical to that off the underlying hardware.
48
What are the advantages and disadvantages of paravirtualization
Simpler VMM Higher performance Only modify guest OS
49
What are containers?
Containers are pre-configured packages, with everything you need to execute a code in the target machine
50
What is the main difference between VM and containers?
The main difference is that the containers share the host system kernel with other containers
51
What are the main advantages of containers?
The main advantages of containers is that their behavior is predictable, repeatable and mutable

06 - Computing Infrastructures (13 decks)

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