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RRT 2023 > Cluster 1 > Flashcards

Cluster 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A transformer with a turn ratio of 1000:1 is:

A

● a step-up transformer

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2
Q

The annual dose limit for radiation workers has been
reduced from 50mSv to 20mSv in 1990 according to
the recommendations of ICRP published as.

A

ICRP 60

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3
Q

What is the expected image that will be displayed on
a radiograph exposed to 70 kVp, 100 mA, 100ms
from a full wave 3 phase x-ray unit?

A

36 deg arc

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4
Q

Which of the following will serve to
increase theeffective energy of the x-ray beam?

A

increase in added filtration
increase in kilovoltage

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5
Q

Radiographs from a particular single-phase,
full wave-rectified x-ray unit were overexposed,
usingknown correct exposures. a spinning top
test wasperformed at 200 mA, 0.05s, and 70
kvp, and eightdots (dashes) were visualized on
the finished film.which of the following is
indicated?

A

the 0.05s time station is inaccurate

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6
Q

Comparing the mR output at 50mA @ 0.2s,
100mA@ 0.1s, and 200mA @ 0.05s while
increasing themAsusing different mA and s
combination is part of whichQC test?

A

Linearity

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7
Q

If a high voltage transformer has 100 primary
turnsand 35000 secondary turns, and is supplied
by 220volts and 75 A, what are the secondary
voltage andcurrent?

A

214 mA and 77 kVp

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8
Q

A branch of physics that describes the
motion oflarge objects such as planets,
universe, cars andplanes

A

classical mechanics

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9
Q

Focal spot size is measured with a_____.

A

pinhole camera (most accurate but most difficult)

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10
Q

Double-focus x-ray tubes have two______.

A

Filaments

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11
Q

Congruence of the x-ray beam with the light field is tested using

A

radiopaque objects

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12
Q

An automatic exposure control device can
operateon which of the following principles?

A

a photomultiplier tube charged by a
fluorescent screen -a parallel-plate
ionization chamber charged by x-ray
photons

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13
Q

The introduction of AI,Cu And Sn filters into the x-ray beam causes

A

Low energy x-rays to be absorbed

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14
Q

An electric generator is a device that
convertsmechanical energy to electrical energy
utilizing theprinciple of

A

Faraday’s law

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15
Q

It is a principle that states that no electrons
in thesame atomic system may be assigned
identicalvalues.

A

Pauli’s exclusion

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16
Q

The exposure rate to a body 2m from a
source ofradiation is 28R/hr. what distance from
the sourcewould be necessary to decrease the
exposure to7R/hr?

A

4m

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17
Q

The old concept of annual maximum
permissibledose (MPD) for the general
population isapproximately what portion of the
MPD for radiationworkers?

A

1/10

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18
Q

An example of a derived quantity is a______.

A

volume

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19
Q

What unit results when a coulumb is divided
by asecond?

A

ampere

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20
Q

A frequency of 1MHz is:

A

1x106 cycles/s

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21
Q

A single unit of electromagnetic radiation
is alsocalled a/an:

A

quantum

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22
Q

The only difference between x-rays and
gamma raysis their

A

Origin

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23
Q

The intensity of radiation on an object is
reducedwith distance because the radiation
.

A

is spread out over a greater area

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24
Q

Photons tend to interact with matter their
wavelength.

A

equal in size to

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25
Q

In the surface of an electrified object, the
chargesconcentrate __ .

A

on the sharpest curvatures

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26
Q

Calculate the power loss (in kW) in a circuit
wherethe current flowing is 100 amperes and the
total lineresistance is 2 ohms.

A

20 kW

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27
Q

Variations in power distribution to the x-ray
machineare corrected by the .

A

line voltage compensator

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28
Q

The first component to receive power in the
x-raycircuit is the .

A

Autotransformer

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29
Q

The difference in the waveform between the
primaryand secondary sides of the high voltage
transformeris the

A

Amplitude

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30
Q

In modern imaging systems, the
components forrectification are

A

solid state semiconductors

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31
Q

A three-phase, 6 pulse waveform has ripple.

A

14%

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32
Q

As an x-ray tube ages, the inside can become
coatedwith tungsten, which can cause in the
tube.

A

Arcing

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33
Q

What is the most common cause of tube
failure?

A

Tungsten vaporization

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34
Q

The rotating anode is turned by a

A

magnetic field

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35
Q

The target of the rotating anode is usually
coatedwith a alloy.

A

Tungsten

36
Q

What is the formula for heat units for a 3 -
phase, 6 -pulse x-ray machine?

A

1.35 × kVp × mA × seconds

37
Q

The filament in an x-ray tube is about inlength

A

1- 2 cm

38
Q

Extra focal or off-focus radiation is produced
from

A

rebounding electrons

39
Q

Characteristic k-shell x-rays have an effective
energyof keV.

A

69

40
Q

The half value layer (HVL) of an x-ray
beam is ameasurement of beam

A

Quality

41
Q

Any chromosome damage induced by
radiationcould be seen during the

A

Metaphase

42
Q

What is the annual effective dose limit
recommended for occupational exposure?

A

5 rem (per year)

43
Q

What is the total dose limit for the embryo and
fetus?

A

0.5 rem (0.05 per month)

44
Q

filtration is measured by measurements.

A

half value layer

45
Q

the measured kVp should be within + - %
of thekVp indicated in the console.

A

5
Measured kVp = 5%

46
Q

Occupational radiation monitoring is required
if theindividual may get of the
recommended doselimit.

A

10%

47
Q

During fluoroscopy the exposure to the
collar is times greater than exposure to the
trunk of thebody under a protective apron.

A

20

48
Q

The preferred way to hold patients who are
unable tosupport themselves is to use a

A

restraining device

49
Q

If the output intensity of an x-ray machine
is 6.4mR/mAs at 80 kVp, what is the patient’s ESE
for an examdone at 20 mAs at 80 kVp?

A

128 mR

50
Q

Performing routine x-ray exams without
indication isnot acceptable for

A

● preemployment physicals
● all hospital admissions
● annual routine physicals

51
Q

The is the primary protective barrier
for thefluoroscopic x-ray tube.

A

image intensifier

52
Q

The bucky slot opening in the side of the table
mustbe automatically covered with mm
Pb duringfluoroscopy.

A

0.25

53
Q

The intensity of scatter radiation 1 meter
from thepatient is approximately of the
intensity of theincident beam at the patient.

A

0.1%

54
Q

Measuring the relationship between the
output
intensities of adjacent mA stations is a test o

A

●
Linearity

55
Q

Controlled area is one occupied primarily by

A

● radiology personnel
● Patients

56
Q

Relative risk is

A

observed cases/expected cases

57
Q

A dose of rads or more to a small area
of thebody can cause skinerythema.

A

● 200

58
Q

A person subjected to 5000 radsto the whole
bodymay survive for before death occurs.

A

● 3 days

59
Q

The LD50/60 for humans is approximately
rads.

A

● 350

60
Q

Ovaries are most radiosensitive during

A

● fetal growth
● early childhood

61
Q

A type of DNA damage that may not be
reversible isa

A

base change or loss

62
Q

when H2O receives a free electron, it
becomesunstable and dissociates into what free
radical?

A

● H*

63
Q

Two OH free radicals can join to form
molecules

A

● hydrogen peroxide

64
Q

. the principal radiation interactions within the
humanbody are assumed to be

A

● indirect effects

65
Q

the lethal effect of cell irradiation are
measured by

A

● survival

66
Q

the number of nuclear transformation
occurring in a
given quantity of material per unit time

A

●
activity

67
Q

what is the SSD of portable fluoroscope?

A

● atleast 30cm

68
Q

the probability or frequent of the biologic
responseto radiation dose , increases
proportionally with dose:
and there is no dose treshold

A

● stochastic

69
Q

radiation dose that can be reduce the
number ofsperm may delay/suppress
menstruation

A

25 rad

70
Q

. the latent period for gastrointestinal syndrome
is

A

● 3- 5 days

71
Q

protective aprons and gloves should be
fluoroscopeto check for defect every

A

● once a year

72
Q

if the radiologic technologist
participates influoroscopy, then the
occupational radiation monitorshould be
positioned on the collar inside the protective
apron

A

● false

73
Q

the process by which a neutral atom or
moleculeacquires a positive or negative charge

A

● ionization

74
Q

refers to the number of ion pairs formed per
cm oflathis any given medium

A

● specific ionization

75
Q

the proper unit for the exposure of
radiologic techand radiologist

A

● REM

76
Q

it is an antimatter since it undergoes
annihilation

A

● positron

77
Q

area occupied primarily by radiology
personnel andpatients

A

● controlled

78
Q

Refers to the process/processes involved in the transformation of an unstable nucleus into other nuclear form

A

● radioactive decay

79
Q

a quantity that reflects not only dose but
also thevolume of tissue irradiation.

A

● dose area product

80
Q

spontaneous abortion after irradiation
during thefirst 2 weeks of pregnancy is more
pronounced atradiation doses of:

A

● 25 rad

81
Q

it is called the period of major organogenesis:

A

● 6-8 weeks of pregnancy

82
Q

the maximum energy required to remove an
electronfrom its orbit.

A

● ionization energy

83
Q

which of the following statement is true?

A

● the higher the temperature, the
greater theresistance of a uniform conductor

84
Q

nucleons are made of bounded by gluons.

A

● Quarks

85
Q

how many half-value layers will it take to
reduce anx-ray beam whose intensity is 78 R/
minto an intensity ofless than 10 R/min?

A

● 3

86
Q

in which of the following portions of the x-ray
circuitis a step-down transformer located?

A

● filament circuit

RRT 2023 (1 decks)

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