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Ed Psych > Cluster 7 > Flashcards

Cluster 7 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Antecedents

A

Events that precede and action

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2
Q

Aversive

A

Irritating or unpleasant

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3
Q

Behavioral learning theories

A

Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors

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4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Association of automatic responses with new stimuli

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5
Q

Conditioned response (CR)

A

Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

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6
Q

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

A

Stimulus that evokes and emotional of physiological response after conditioning

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7
Q

Contiguity

A

Association of two events because of repeated pairing

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8
Q

Continuous reinforcement schedule

A

Presenting a reinforcer after every appropriate response

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9
Q

Consequences

A

Events that follow an action

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10
Q

Cueing

A

Providing a stimulus that “sets up” a desired behavior

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11
Q

Effective instruction delivery

A

Instructions that are concise, clear, and specific, and that communicate and expected result. Statements work better than questions.

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12
Q

Extinction

A

The disappearance of a learned response

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13
Q

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

A

Presenting a reinforcer after some but not all responses

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14
Q

Interval schedule

A

Length of time between reinforcers

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15
Q

Learning

A

Process through which experience causes permanent change in knowledge or behavior

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16
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Strengthening behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs

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17
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

Stimulus not connected to a response

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18
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents

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19
Q

Operants

A

Voluntary (and generally goal-directed) behaviors emitted by a person or an animal

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20
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior

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21
Q

Presentation Punishment

A

Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by presenting an aversive stimulus following the behavior; also called Type 1 punishment

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22
Q

Prompt

A

A reminder that follows a cue to make sure the person reacts to the cue

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23
Q

Punishment

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A

Process that weakens or suppresses a behavior

24
Q

Ratio schedule

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A

Reinforcement based on the number of responses between reinforcers

25
Reinforcement
Use of consequences to strengthen behavior
26
Reinforcer
Any event that follows a behavior and increases the chances that the behavior will occur again
27
Removal punishment
Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by removing a pleasant stimulus following the behavior; also called Type 2 Punishment
28
Respondents
Responses (generally automatic or involuntary) elicited by specific stimuli
29
Response
Observable reaction to a stimulus
30
Stimulus
Event that activates behavior
31
Stimulus control
Capacity for the presence or absence of antecedents to cause behaviors
32
Unconditioned response (UR)
Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response
33
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Stimulus that automatically produces an emotional or physiological response
34
Applied behavior analysis
The application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior
35
Behavior modification
Systematic application of antecedents and consequences to change behavior
36
Contingency contract
A contract between the teacher and a student specifying what the student must do to earn a particular reward or privilege
37
Enactive learning
Learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of your actions
38
Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)
Procedures used to obtain information about antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to determine the reason or function of the behavior
39
Good behavior game
Arrangement where a class is divided into teams and each team receives demerit points for breaking agreed-upon rules of good behavior
40
Group consequences
Rewards or punishments given to a class as a whole for adhering to or violating rules of conduct
41
Observational learning
Learning by observation and imitation of others- vicarious learning
42
Positive behavior supporters (PBS)
Interventions designed to replace problem behaviors with new actions that serve the same purpose for the student
43
Positive practice
Practicing correct responses immediately after errors
44
Precorrection
A tool for positive behavior support that involves identifying the context for a student's misbehavior, clearly specifying the alternative expected behavior, modifying the situation to make the problem behavior less likely, then rehearsing the expected positive behaviors in the new context and providing powerful reinforcers
45
Premack Principle
Principle stating that a more-preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity
46
Reprimands
Criticisms for misbehavior; rebukes
47
Response Cost
Punishment by loss of reinforcers
48
Self-management
Management of your own behavior and accpetance of responsibility for your own actions. Also the use of behavioral learning principles to change your own behavior.
49
Self-reinforcement
Controlling (selecting and administering) your own reinforcers
50
Shaping
Reinforcing each small step of progress toward a desired goal or behavior
51
Social isolation
Removal of a disruptive student for 5 to 10 minutes
52
Social learning theory
Theory that emphasizes learning through observation of others
53
Successive approximations
Small components that make up a complex behavior
54
Task analysis
System for breaking down a task hierarchically into basic skills and subskills
55
Time out
Technically, the removal of all reinforcement. In practice, isolation of a student from the rest of the class for a brief time
56
Token reinforcement system
System in which tokens earned for academic work and positive classroom behavior can be exchanged for some desired reward

Ed Psych (4 decks)

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