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Block 4 Exam 1 > CM/SS > Flashcards

CM/SS Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

FVD

A

Low UOP
High BUN
Ortho hypo
Weak rapid pulse
High temp
Dry tongue
Decreased turgor
Long cap refill
Weight loss

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2
Q

FVD, older

A

Delirium
Decreased cerebral perfusion
Cold extremities
Low central venous pressure
Fall risk
Decreased ADL

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3
Q

FVE

A

Edema
Weight gain
High BP
SOB
JVD
Crackles
Low BUN
Low HCT
Low spec grav
High UOP
High RR

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4
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Neuro - seizures, LOC, cerebral swelling/papiledema, dizzy, twitch, HA
Anorexia
Low turgor
NV
Low BP, high pulse
Cramp and weakness
Edema, weight gain

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5
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Thirsty
Pulmonary edema
CNS - lethargy, hallucinations, seizure, twitch, coma
NV
High temp
High spec grav
Low UOP
Swollen dry tongue
High BP, high HR

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6
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Flat t
Low GI motility
Paresthesia
Thirst
Fatigue
Low BP

6 Ls: leg cramp, lethargy, limp, low shallow respiration, lethal arrhythmia, lots of urine

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High t wave
Anxiety
Paresthesia

MURDER: muscle weak, urine problems, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac, ECG, reflexes low

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8
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Tingle at mouth and fingers
Numb
Tetany
Abnormal clotting
High DTR
Arrhythmia
Resp - stridor, spasm, dyspnea
CNS - seizure, depression, delirium, memory, anxiety

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9
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Bone pain
Stones
Low DTR
Heart
Thirsty
High UOP
NV
Cramps
CNS - lethargy, coma, confusion

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10
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Tetany
High DTR
High risk dig tox
Dysphagia
CNS - seizure, depression, insomnia, confusion, hallucinations
Ataxia
Arrhythmias

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11
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Sedative - low RR, low HR, low BP, low DTR, weak
Flushed
Sweat
Constipation
Coma
Cardiac arrest

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12
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

Bone pain, muscle pain
Risk for infection
Nystagmus
Cardiomyopathy
Tissue hypoxia, weakness
Weak breathing
Neuro
High PTH, low ATP

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13
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Calcium deposits
Itching
Tetany
High DTR
NV
High HR
Low calcium

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14
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Low BP
CNS - agitation, seizure, coma
Weak
Cardiac

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15
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

Rapid deep respirations
High BP
Edema
Dyspnea
Thirst
Dry
CNS - cognition, coma, lethargy
Low CO, arrhythmias

Same as metabolic acidosis: hypervolemia and Hypernatremia

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16
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Low BP
High RR
CNS - HA, confusion, drowsy
Low CO, arrhythmias
Shock
NV
Clammy skin
Malaise

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17
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

SS of low K and low Ca
Tingle at toes and fingers
Respiratory depression
High HR
Tetany
ECG
Low GI motility
NVD
Confusion
Seizures

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18
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

High RR, high BP, high HR
High cerebral perfusion/ICP/fullness in head, mental status, HA
High conjunctival vessels and papiledema
Restless

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19
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Decreased cerebral perfusion, lightheaded, low concentration
Tinnitus
Numbness and tingle at extremities
Sweat
High HR, arrhythmias
LOC
Seizure

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20
Q

Complications of crush injuries

A

Hypovolemic shock
SCI
Erythema, blistering
Fractures
AKI

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21
Q

Heat stroke

A

CNS
High temp
Hot dry skin
Anhidrosis
Tachypnea
Hypotension
Tachycardia

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22
Q

Anthrax poisoning

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A

Flu like
Skin legions, fever, NVD, abdominal pain
Hemorrhaging mediastinitis
Edema with pruritus
Necrosis

23
Q

Smallpox

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A

High fever
Malaise
HA, backache, prostration
Rash at face, mouth, pharynx, forearms

24
Q

Acute radiation syndrome

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A

Decrease blood cells
Increased infection
Electrolyte imbalances
Bleeding
Diarrhea
LOC
Increased ICP leading to death

25
Serotonin syndrome
Agitation Seizure Hyperthermia Diaphoresis Hypertension
26
COVID multi organ system involvement and complications
Acute kidney failure Hematologic (clots, VTE) Septic shock GI PNA, respiratory failure, ARDS
27
Acute respiratory failure
Hypoxemia Hypercapnia Resp acid Restless Tachy, HTN HA Fatigue Confusion, lethargy Cyanosis Diaphoresis Resp arrest, tachypnic Accessory muscle Decrease breath sounds
28
ARDS
Sudden pulmonary edema Lung infiltrates on x ray Normal L atrial pressure Severe dyspnea VQ mismatch Hypoxia does not respond to O2 Crackles Retractions Shunted blood due to non functioning parts of lungs, possible fluid buildup in lungs Hypotension due to low volume due to above mentioned and interstitial shifting Reduced cardiac output due to PEEP Tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia Decreased lung compliance
29
Pulmonary embolism complications
VQ imbalance R vent failure Shock
30
AKI
50% increase in serum creatinine
31
4 phases AKI
Initiation Oliguria Diuresis Recovery
32
CKD
Decrease GFR 3 or more months Increase serum creatinine Anemia Metabolic acidosis Low Ca and high phosph Fluid retention, edema, CHF Lyte imbalance (hyperK, hyperMg, hyper Na) HF and HTN Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion
33
Glomerular disease / acute nephritic
Large and congested kidney Hematuria, azotemia, proteinuria Edema, HTN Low GFR, increased BUN and serum creatinine Increased lytes in blood Pus and casts Hypoalbuminemia HA, malaise, flank pain Dyspnea, JVD Cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema Anemia
34
Complications with renal patients
Hyperkalemia Pericarditis Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade HTN Anemia Bone disease and metastatic calcifications
35
Flail chest
Paradoxical chest movement Mediastinum/trachea shift
36
Normal bladder capacity
400-500 mL
37
GFR for 5 stages CKD
1: <90 2: 60-89 3: 30-59 4: 29-15 5: <15
38
Nephrosclerosis
Increased BUN Increased creatinine Mild proteinuria Acute hypertensive or benign
39
Complications of acute glomerular disease / nephritic
Hypertensive encephalopathy HF Pulmonary edema
40
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Kidneys shrink 1/5 size Fixed spec grav Casts Proteinuria / Hypoalbuminemia Electrolyte imbalances Weak, irritable, yellow gray skin SS of CHF Late: peripheral neuropathy, diminished DTR, confusion Pericarditis, friction rub, pleural effusion
41
Nephrotic syndrome
Increased glomerular permeability Massive proteinuria Massive edema Hypercoag/thrombus Irritable, HA, malaise Hyperlipidemia
42
Weaning criteria (numbers)
VC 10-15 mL/kg MIP > 20 Vt 7 to 9 mL/kg Ve 6 L/min RSBI < 100 PaO2 > 60 FiO2 < 40%
43
ARF acute respiratory failure (numbers and CM)
PaO2 <60 PaCO2 >50 pH <7.35 Dyspnea Restless Fatigue Tachy, hyperT Accessory muscles Decreased breath sounds
44
Ss and complications of chest trauma
Hypoxia Hypovolemia and shock HF from Tamponade and Contusion Poor VQ leading to AKI Trachea and mediastinum shift/pneumothorax Crepitus
45
Pulmonary embolism
Pleuritic pain Dyspnea Calf pain Pleural friction rub Tachy, cough, sweat Hemoptysis, syncope Can lead to R sided HR/low CO/low BP/shock
46
SS of kidney injury
Pain SOB Pedal edema Urine changes Anemia
47
Polycystic kidney disease
Typical renal failure ss + UTI and stones
48
RIFLE
Stages of AKI Risk (1.5 Cr, 25% GFR decrease, UOP 0.5mL/kg/hr 6 hrs) Injury (2x Cr, 50% GFR decrease, UOP 0.5mL/kg/hr 12 hrs) Failure (3 Cr, 75% GFR decrease, UOP <0.3 mL/kg/hr 24 hrs or anuria 12 h) Loss (loss of function 4 weeks) ESRD (3 months)
49
Complications with dialysis patients
Pericarditis Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Pleural effusion PNA Lytes Itching
50
Pericarditis
Fever Friction rub Pulses paradoxus
51
Pericardial effusion
Distant heart sounds
52
Cardiac tamponade
Inaudible heart sounds Hypotension Crushing chest pain SOB
53
Pleural effusion
Diminished SOB Friction rub

Block 4 Exam 1 (3 decks)

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