CMB Lecture 2

Question 1

What is cell fractionation?

Answer 1

A process that isolates cell components based on size and density

Question 2

During cell fractionation, what happens to tissue cells?

Answer 2

They are homogenized into a homogneate via centrifugation repeatedly

Question 3

Fractionation: Slower starting spins gives:

Answer 3

Larger organelles, with pellet components rich in ribosomes identified using a microscope.

Question 4

4 types of macromolecules:

Answer 4

Lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 5

80% of a cell is __, 20% is ___.

Answer 5

Macromolecules, monomers

Question 6

Synthesizing a polymer:

Answer 6

Dehydration reaction: Removes a water molecule, forming a new bond.

Question 7

Hydrolysis vs dehydration:

Answer 7

Dehydration forms a polymer, removing a water molecule. Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond.

Question 8

Lipids are __ in water.

Answer 8

Insoluble.

Question 9

Lipids are built by the combination of __ ___ and ___.

Answer 9

Three long chain fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 10

Lipids function:

Answer 10

Essential componenets of all cell membranes. Fats, which are lipids, provide a good source of energy.

Question 11

Polysacharides are molecules built up form __

Answer 11

Simple sugars.

Question 12

Unsaturated lipid tails ___

Answer 12

Bend, pushing the lipids besides them, maintaining the fluid mosiac model.

Question 13

Many hormones are made of __

Answer 13

Lipids.

Question 14

Saturated fats are ___ at room temp.

Answer 14

Solid

Question 15

Unsat. fats are __ at room temp.

Answer 15

Liquid.

Question 16

Monosaccharides are:

Answer 16

1 sugar molecule, such as glucose, fructose, ribose.

Question 17

Disaccharides:

Answer 17

2 sugar molecules eg sucrose.

Question 18

Polysaccharides are linked by:

Answer 18

Glycosylic bonds.

Question 19

Glucose + glucose = ____

Glucose + fructose = ____

Answer 19

Maltose, sucrose.

Question 20

Functions of polysaccharides: (3x)

Answer 20

Energy storage (glycogen in plants, starch in plants)
Structural molecules
(cellulose in plants, chitin in exoskeletons of crustacea and insects), and carb residues can be joined to proteins or lipids (glycoproteins and glycolipids).

Question 21

Glucose is released by __

Answer 21

Hydrolysis

Question 22

Cellulose is:

Answer 22

A polymer of glucose stored in the cell wall.

Question 23

Glycogen is stored in __, released by ____,

Answer 23

liver and muscle cells, hydrolysis.

Question 24

Chitin is a polymer of:

Answer 24

glucose, stored in exoskeletons of insects/ crustaceans. Will dissolve slowly.

Question 25

Proteins consist of the .

Answer 25

same 20 amino acids in different proportions

Question 26

Amino acids are linked by __ bonds, forming a ___.

Answer 26

Linked by peptide bonds, forming a polypeptide.

Question 27

Electrically charged:

Answer 27

hydrophillic, acidic is negatively charged, basic is positively charged.

Question 28

Peptide bonds link __ to the next.

Answer 28

carboxyl group of 1 amino acid.

Question 29

Pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases with:

Answer 29

1 ring, (C, T, and U)

Question 30

Purines

Answer 30

2 rings (A and G)

Question 31

What is cAMP?

Answer 31

Cyclic AMP, used for intracellular signalling.

Question 32

Lactose is a __

Answer 32

Disaccharide.