CMT1 Midterm

Question 1

Afferentation refers to the transmission of what nerves?

Answer 1

afferent nerve impulses

Question 2

Deafferentation is defined as what?

Answer 2

the elimination or interruption of afferent nerve impulses, as by destruction of the afferent pathway

Question 3

Because joint complex dysfunction is very rarely associated with peripheral nerve injury, it is not appropriate to use the word _______ ?

Answer 3

deafferentation

Question 4

Dysafferentation refers to an increase in what and a reduction in what?

Answer 4

afferent input such that there is an increase in nociceptor input and a reduction in mechanoreceptor input

Question 5

identify the manipulable lesion

Answer 5

using end feel, ROM

Question 6

what can cause joint dysfunction?

Answer 6

Functional
Structural
Considerations

Question 7

common cause of jt. dysfunction?

Answer 7

posture

Question 8

What are the limits of using the diagnosis of subluxation or joint dysfunction syndrome?

Answer 8

it does not identify the cause…what is causing that Jt. dysfunction?
is it a contraindication?

Question 9

Chiropractic theory of sublaxation?

Answer 9

why we do what we do and

Question 10

Assisted method

Answer 10

segmental contact ON superior vertebra of Dysfunctional segment.
Motion of vector is superior vertebra Redative to Inferior vertebra

Question 11

Resisted method

Answer 11

contact on the inferior vertebra

Motion in direction of malposition

Question 12

which method, resisted or assisted applies a focus on the adjustive effect concerned with jt. Superior to level of segment contact

Answer 12

resisted

Question 13

counter resisted method

Answer 13

is a mixture of resisted and assisted by contacting both upper and lower segments and thrust goes into opposite direction

Question 14

vertebral subluxation complex consists of ?

Answer 14

jt. Malposition, fixation ,instability/hypermobility

Question 15

Joint malposition

Answer 15

misalignment of the skeletal components, leading to movements limitations, inflammatory changes, irritations which can ultimately lead to firing of nociceptors

Question 16

Joint hypomobility:

Answer 16

is a commonly proposed reason for joint fixation due to a periarticular soft tissue injury that results in fibrosis

Question 17

Joint fixation can be due too?

Answer 17

interarticular blocks
interdiscal blocks
compressive buckling

Question 18

interarticular blocks is when what happens?

Answer 18

when the derangement of the posterior joints result in the entrapments of the meniscoids or synovial fluid

Question 19

interdiscal blocks are theorized to result from?

Answer 19

pathophysiological changes

Question 20

Interdiscal blocks are when what happens?

Answer 20

derangements of the IVD result in dysfunction

Question 21

compressive buckling is when?

Answer 21

asymmetric positioning of the vertebra that is due to the intrinsic muscles of the back

Question 22

What does jt. pn. not discrimintae between?

Answer 22

hypomobility, hypermobility, and clinical instability

Question 23

Gillet model

Answer 23

Muscular- hypertonicity and contraction
Ligamentous - contractor decreased length of Jt. capsule
Articular - fibrous interarticular adhesions

Question 24

which out of the 3 phases of Gillets involves all motions?

Answer 24

articular

Question 25

how would the end feel be if you are palpating for a muscular hypertonicity, ligamentous, or articular adhesions?

Answer 25

restricted end play

Question 26

which model is responsible for stating that articular fixations are the most significant?

Answer 26

Gillet

Question 27

What is the principle of Kirkaldy &Willis

Answer 27

Founded on the principle that spinal degeneration often begins with local mechanical derangement in the absence of structural alteration (congenital anomilies)

Question 28

the ivf encroachment theory?

Answer 28

vertebral subluxation compresses a nerve, this was introduced by DD and BJ palmer

Question 29

Nerve root compression was suggested by who and what does is state?

Answer 29

clelin- he stated that it was unlikely that nerve compression would be caused by a subluxation if there was no degenerative disease present

Question 30

What did Giles conclude about the Nerve roots exiting the IVF in the lumbar?

Answer 30

that they lack epineural coverings which made them more susceptible to pressure and inflammation

Question 31

the first motion evaluated by the Dr.?

Answer 31

joint play

Question 32

what joint play

Answer 32

it is a component of active and passive jt. motion. | It represents the give and flexibility of the jt.

Question 33

Is active motion produced by the patient or the practitioner?

Answer 33

by the patient

Question 34

during Passive ROM what happens?

Answer 34

the Dr. moves the joint in a greater degree as it encounters End play zone (EPZ)

Question 35

Elastic barrier represents what?

Answer 35

movement of the jt. past the elastic limits and further movement is only possible through the separation of joint surface

Question 36

after cavitation what space is encountered?

Answer 36

paraphysiological space

Question 37

if you go past the limits of the paraphysiological space | what will occur?

Answer 37

injury

Question 38

end play (EP)

Answer 38

qualitative assessment of resistant at the end of passive joint movements

Question 39

Joint play (JP)

Answer 39

assessment of resistance from a neutral position or loose packed position

Question 40

Is EP at the end of JP?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

How is JP assessed?

Answer 41

inducing gentle shallow springing movements

Question 42

Quantitative

Answer 42

how much the jt. moves

Question 43

how can you measure the quantitative motion of the jt.?

Answer 43

visual, instrument, patient feedback

Question 44

qualitative is referring too?

Answer 44

how the joint moves by visual and patient feedback

Question 45

Accessory movement?

Answer 45

they cannot be preformed by the individual

Question 46

accessory movements refer too what kinds of movements?

Answer 46

roll spin glide

Question 47

capsular end feel

Answer 47

firm but giving, like leather

Question 48

Ligamentous end feel

Answer 48

similar to capsular but firmer quality like a knee extension

Question 49

soft tissue end feel

Answer 49

giving, squeezing quality, approximation of soft tissue normal - is the elbow flexion

Question 50

abnormal soft tissue end feel

Answer 50

muscle hypertrophy

Question 51

Bony end feel

Answer 51

hard and non-giving abrupt stop

Question 52

normal bony end feel

Answer 52

elbow extension

Question 53

muscular end feel:

Answer 53

firm and giving and builds with elongation, not stiff as capsular or ligamentous normal - hip flexion

Question 54

Muscle spasm

Answer 54

guarded, resisted by muscle contraction, muscle reaction should be felt, end feel cannot be assessed because of pain or guarding

Question 55

Interarticular end feel

Answer 55

bouncy springy quality | abnormal - torn meniscus or joint mice

Question 56

Empty end feel

Answer 56

normal end feel resistance is missing, end feel is not encountered at normal point of joint demonstrates unusual give and deformation

Question 57

abnormal end feel

Answer 57

joint injury or disease leading to hypermobility