CNAF Other Stuff

Question 1

Aerobatic Flight Maneuvers

Answer 1

An intentional maneuvers involving an abrupt change in aircraft attitude, intentionally performed spins, or other maneuvers requiring pitch/dive angles greater than 45 deg, bank angles greater than 60 deg, or accelerations greater than 2gs. A maneuver than conforms to the model NATOPS manual is not considered to be aerobatic flight.

Question 2

Aircraft Model

Answer 2

The basic mission symbol and design number (H-60).

Question 3

Aircraft Series

Answer 3

The specific version of aircraft within the same model (MH-60R).

Question 4

Aircraft Type

Answer 4

The broadest classification of aircraft as to the physical characteristics (rotary wing).

Question 5

CRM

Answer 5

Crew Resource Management: The use of specifically defined behavioral skills as an integral part of every flight to improve mission effectiveness by minimizing crew preventable errors, maximizing crew coordinations, and optimizing risk management.

Commanders shall ensure that all personnel whose duties involve flying as an aircrew member in naval aircraft receive annual CRM training including an academic portion and a flight/simulator evaluation.

Question 6

Cross Country Flight

Answer 6

A flight that either does not remain in the local flying area or remains in the local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility.

Question 7

Emergency and Humanitarian Operations

Answer 7

Naval aircraft operations are authorized in emergencies such as forest fire, search, rescue, major calamities, and for humanitarian reasons involving life-threatening circumstances. Notification of the operation shall be made to CNO or CMC, as appropriate, and the responsible local commander, but without delaying action when time is an essential factor. Squadron commanders and officers in charge will operate under the direction if assigned JTF commanders per Combatant Commander policy/guidance.

Question 8

FAR/FAR Exemptions

Answer 8

Naval aircraft shall be operated in accordance with applicable provisions of FAR, Part 91, except:

1. Where this manual prescribes more stringent requirements
2. Where exemptions or authorizations issued to the DON/DOD permit deviation from FAR.

Users shall determine the expiration date, full scope and restrictions of an exemption prior to exercising it… Exemptions/authorizations which are currently on file that allow deviation from FAR Part 91 include:

1. Aircraft speed
2. Altimeter settings
3. Operations in Class A airspace
4. VFR Cruising altitude or flight level (drug interdiction ops)
5. Alternate airport requirements
6. IFR Cruising altitude or flight level (for MTRs)
7. Aircraft lights (drug interdiction ops)
8. Aircraft lights (NVD training for USMC helicopters)

Question 9

Civilian Law Enforcement Officials (LEO)

Answer 9

Embarkation of civilian LEOs is authorized for helicopters, tilt rotor, and non-ejection seat aircraft. SECNAVISNT 5820.7 provides specific guidance for authorized missions. Authority to approve flights for LEO personnel and responsibility for establishing operational procedures is delegated to COMUSFLTFORCOM, COMPACFLT, COMNAVAIRPAC, COMNAVIRLANT, CMC, COMNAVAIRSYSCOM, and CNATRA for aircraft under their resepective control. Authority to approve flights may be delegated to numbered fleet commanders and type commanders. Flight requests for high-performance, ejection seat aircraft shall be forwarded to CNAF or CMC for approval.

Question 10

Nonessential Flights

Answer 10

The use of aircraft for nonessential flights shall not be authorized. Any flight open to misinterpretation by the public shall be avoided. Examples of flights that are considered nonessential are as follows:

1. Flights of a routine business nature for which commercial or other military transportation could be more economically substituted.
2. Flights for any officer or group of officers, the sole purpose of which is the convenience and/or prestige of the officers concerned and not the performance of official duties or accomplishment of bona fide training.
3. Repeated flights to the hometown area of flight personnel concerned.
4. Flights coinciding with major sports events or civic celebrations.

R- Routine O-Officers H-Hometown M-Major

Question 11

Personnel authorized to pilot naval aircraft

Answer 11

When qualified in accordance with current directives, the following personnel may pilot Navy and Marine Corps aircraft.

Regular and Reserve personnel:

Regular and Reserve personnel on active duty under appropriate orders to duty in a flying status including:

1. Naval aviators of the Navy and Marine Corps
2. Coast Guard Aviators and aviation pilots
3. Students undergoing authorized courses of instruction in flight training
4. Rated pilots of the Air Force and Air Force Reserve
5. Army and Army Reserve aviators
6. Rated pilots of the Air National Guard and National Guard
7. Aeromedical Dual Designators who are pilots and serving as such under the provisions of OPNAVISNT 1542.4
8. Aviation Qualified Foreign Area Officers (AFAO) are 1710 designated officers previously designated as naval aviators (pilots), awarded the Aviation Qualified FAO (FFQ) and serving under the provisions of OPNAVISNT 1301.10 series.

Other provisions for Other Military Personnel, Civilian Aircraft Pilots, Foreign Military Personnel

Question 12

Orientation Flights

Answer 12

1. Orientation flights are typically one-time events for selected participants in a particular model aircraft. Orientation flight status shall not be used to circumvent normal training requirements for individuals required to fly multiple flights in naval aircraft. Orientation flights for midshipmen participating in official training programs are an exception and may involve multiple flights. More in CNAF 3.3
2. Individuals are selected to participate in orientation flights for one of the following purposes:
   A. To familiarize them with an aircraft, its operation, capabilities, requirements, concept of employment, or limitations.
   B. To familiarize them with a base complex from the air for official purposes other than merely sightseeing or goodwill.
   C. To allow FAA personnel to perform official functions that require their infrequent embarkation on naval
   aircraft
   D. To perform other military duties not assigned to the flight crew.

Question 13

Orientation flight limitations

Answer 13

Only highly qualified flight personnel shall be selected to conduct orientation flights.

Question 14

Embarkation of Passengers

Answer 14

No person shall be explained as a passenger nor shall any cargo be embarked on a naval aircraft unless authorization has been granted by competent authority in accordance with applicable directives. MSC personnel (i.e., Civil Service Mariners), DOD civilian employees, federal agency technical representatives (Tech Reps), and contract field services personnel may be authorized COD/VOD transportation with approval by complement authority in cases of official business. Reporting Custodians for helicopter units may authorize personnel to be embarked as passengers onboard their aircraft. This authority may be delegated to a designated detachment OIC when deployed or embarked. No person shall be carried in a taxing aircraft as a passenger unless such person is authorized to fly in it or has been authorized by competent authority to be embarked therein.

Question 15

Helicopter and Tiltrotor passenger overwater flights at night

Answer 15

Helicopter and Tiltrotor passenger overwater flights at night are authorized subject to the following restrictions:

A. Ship launches and recoveries shall be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived by the Strike Group Commander, Amphibious Squadron Commander, Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commander, or OTC in cases of operational necessity.

B. In cases of medical evacuations (MEDEVAC), a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training (non-aircrew underwater emergency egress as a minimum training requirement) and has been properly briefed on emergency egress procedures for that aircraft, may be transferred at night with approval form the ship’s CO.

C. This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, visit board search and seizure (VBSS) level III operations, or SPECOPS training and operational missions.

Question 16

Embarkation of passengers, Transportation of personnel not otherwise qualified for SAR, MEDEVAC, Disaster Relief

Answer 16

The pilots in command/mission commanders of naval aircraft (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transportation for personnel and/or equipment not otherwise qualified for Government air transportations (i.e., civilian physicians, paramedic teams, sheriff department personnel, park rangers, search dogs, medical equipment, etc.) when required for the successful prosecution of a search and rescue SAR, medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), or disaster relief mission. This authority shall only be exercised when all practical means of obtaining authorization from competent authority in accordance with applicable directives have proven unsuccessful or unavailable. Appropriate authority shall be notified of such air transportation as soon as practicable.

Question 17

Requirements to be a HAC

Answer 17

To be qualified as a HAC, the NATOPS manual shall establish the designation for the particular model, and an individual shall:

1. Have completed the requirements for and possess to an advanced degree the knowledge, proficiency, and capabilities of a second pilot
2. Have a minimum of 500 total flight hours
3. Have 150 flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft
4. Have pilot hours in class and model required by the CO or higher authority and demonstrate the proficiency and judgement required to ensure the successful accomplishment of all tasks of the unit mission
5. Demonstrate ability to command and train the officers and enlisted members of the flight crew
6. Demonstrate the qualities of leadership required to conduct advanced base or detached unit operations as OIC when such duty is required as part of the units mission or method of operation.

Question 18

FOGOE Note

Answer 18

The provisions of paragraphs 3.7.1.1 and 3.7.1.2 shall not be used to circumvent normal NATOPS qualification procedures if the officer desires to physically pilot the aircraft. Flights that require a NATOPS-qualified crew shall not be physically piloted by any individual not so qualified; however, the flight may be directed by an officer in tactical command embarked who is not NATOPS qualified.

Question 19

Command of Naval aircraft

Answer 19

A naval aircraft or formation of naval aircraft shall be flow under the command of a PIC, mission commander, or formation leader as appropriate, and so designated by the reporting custodian or higher authority. The status of each individual participating in the mission or formation shall be clearly briefed and understood prior to takeoff and muse be indicated as required by the GP… PIC, MC, or Form lead shall be specifically designated for each aircraft on flight schedule. Reporting custodians shall establish min requirements of initial qualification and requalification for each model aircraft in their custody and for each flight phase and/or mission normal to the aircraft models. They shall be guided by requirements of CNAF and NATOPS. Flight personnel meeting those requirements may be considered qualified in model and phase and are eligible for designation as PIC, MC, or form lead for a specific mission.

Question 20

Critical Behavioral Skills of CRM

Answer 20

DAMCLAS

Decision Making
Assertiveness
Mission Analysis
Communication
Leadership
Adaptability/Flexibility
Situational Awareness

Question 21

FCF Crew Composition

Answer 21

FCFs shall be conducted with the minimum crew required for safe flight. All flight personnel shall be fully qualified in accordance with this instruction and the applicable NATOPS manual. Appropriate maintenance QA and project specialist personnel required to accomplish the FCF may be utilized, provided they meet minimum NASTP training requirements. Passengers shall not be carried. The PIC shall be designated n writing by the CO as an FCF pilot for either a full-system check or the partial systems to be checked.

Question 22

FCF Weather Criteria

Answer 22

FCFs should be conducted during daylight hours within the local flying area in VMC. If necessary to accomplish the assigned mission, unit commanders may authorized FCFs in conditions other than the above if in their opinion the flight can be conducted with an acceptable margin off safety under the existing conditions. The authority shall not be delegated. Those portions of the flights that are considered critical shall be conducted in the vicinity of a suitable landing area.

Question 23

Reports of investigations of violations of flying regulations

Answer 23

The responsibility to conduct the investigation into an alleged flight violation belongs to the immediate superior in the chain of command of the individual involved.

The authority to issue a flight violation lies solely with the CNO.

Question 24

FAA Reports and Cooperation

Answer 24

When requested to do so by the FAA, commands:

1. Shall not release the names of the aircrew; names are to be release only by CNO.
2. May furnish only factual information (excluding aircrew names) that would normally be available to ATC facilities; this response shall not contain any conjectures, assumptions, or hearsay.

Notes:
Each command shall ensure that all attached/assigned aircrew and air operations personnel understand that:
-They may make oral or written statements to FAA personnel, but that such a statement is voluntary and may be used against the individual making the statement
-Reports required by Part 91 of the FARs are mandatory; that are not included in the foregoing policy.

Question 25

Cross country flights

Answer 25

A cross-country flight is any flight that either does not remain in the local flying area or remains in the local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility. This includes out and ins. Command officers must ensure that these flights contribute to the mission of the command and naval service, achieve training requirements, and can be completed safely. More in CNAF.

1. Does the ccx flight achieve training objectives as established in a training syllabus or training/readiness matrix?
2. Does the flight contribute to the mission of the command or the naval service?
3. Could this flight be perceived by the public as not in the best interest of the US Govt?
4. If the flight is exclusively for the transportation of the aircrew, is the purpose to meet operational commitments? If so, is alternate transportation, commercial or military, readily available? More economical?
5. Is this flight planned exclusively for the convenience and/or to enhance the prestige of the officers concerned?
6. Is there a major sporting or civic event scheduled at the destination? Ccx flights are not authorized to these destinations.
7. Is the ccx destination the home town of any of the crewmembers? A flight to ones home town is legal, provided repeated flights are not performed. Is there a personal event such a as a wedding, family reunion, graduation, etc. that a member of the flight is trying to attend? Is it in the hometown of anyone on the aircraft or a destination that has been repeatedly flown to by the aircrew?
8. Has that aircrew thoroughly planned all aspects of the flight? Are they qualified and properly designated to conduct the flight?
9. Is proper security for the aircraft adequate at the intended destination? Alternate?
10. Does the flight meet squadron, wind and aviation TYCOM directives?
11. Have adequate Mx precautions been planned to ensure proper service and mx of the AC is performed?

Question 26

Nonstandard Operation

Answer 26

A non-standard operation is defined as when an unrelenting requirement exists to fly a short-notice mission in support of a humanitarian, contingency, MEDEVAC, special access or state department requirement. Commanders (O-8 or above) exercising Operational Control (OPCON) of aircraft operating in support of nonstandard operations are responsible for mission risk assessment and therefore may waive the requirement for a TERPS review of a non-USG instrument procedure.

This is under a section about terminal instrument procedures. Previous paragraph states:

“Except when this requirement is waived for a flight in support of a nonstandard operation, aircrew flying passenger and/or troop-carrying aircraft shall not fly an instrument approach that has not been validated as safe an accurate by a US agency in accordance with:

1. US TERPS
2. ICAO PANS-OPS
3. NATO criterion that has been validated to be safe an accurate by another USG service”

Question 27

Flight Authorization Authority

Answer 27

Naval aircraft shall not be flown by any person unless authorized by the reporting custodian or other commander exercising operational control over the aircraft concerned. All flights shall be in the national interest with fleet readiness receiving highest priority. Efficient utilization of aircraft and available funds is the responsibility of the reporting custodian.

Question 28

Flight authorization documentation

Answer 28

Authorization for a flight shall be documented by a published flight schedule or other similar directive signed by COs or their delegated authority. As a minimum, the document shall contain the following elements:

1. Names and flight function of all flight personnel
2. Designation of the pilot in command, MC, and or form lead as appropriate
3. Chain of command for formation flights in the event of an abort by the designated flight lead
4. Aircraft model assigned
5. Total mission or requirement code (TMR)
6. Point of departure, destination, and en route stopover points
7. Date and ETD
8. ETE or ETA

Note: For missions such as strip alert, SAR alert, etc., the words as directed or TBA may be entered for ETD and ETE/ETA

Question 29

Flight authorization: Flightcrew requirements

Answer 29

Prior to authorizing flight in naval aircraft, commander shall ensure that the person designated as PIC is in all respects qualified for flight in model and that min flightcrew requirements are met.

Question 30

Minimum flightcrew requirements

Answer 30

The minimum flightcrew requirements for naval aircraft are set forth in the applicable NATOPS manual for individual aircraft models. CNATRA may modify such requirements and the requirements set forth below as necessary for training purposes.

Aircraft commander requirement

An aircraft commander shall be designated for the following multipiloted aircraft missions:

1. Operational/tactical missions
2. Administrative missions in helicopters/tilt rotors
3. Training flights, except those that are within the capabilities of pilots of lower classification and which, in the opinion of the CO, are best suited to teach such pilots self-reliance and command responsibility.
4. Flights in which the transport of passengers is involved.

OATF

Question 31

Rescue Helicopters Operating Over Water

Answer 31

Any naval helicopter that is assigned the primary mission to operate as rescue vehicle over water shall have as a member of its crew one aircrewman who is completely outfitted for water entry as required in Paragraph 8.2.1.2 and has completed an approved CNO/CMC rescue swimmers school.

Note: Where SAR/plane guard is briefed as a primary mission, or when it becomes the primary mission, the rescue air crewman shall be prepared for immediate water entry.

Question 32

Preflight planning

Answer 32

Before commencing a flight, the pilot in command shall be familiar with all available information appropriate to the intended operation. Such information should include but is not limited to available weather reports and forecasts, NOTAMS, TFRs, fuel requirements, terminal instrument procedures (to include proper use of non-DoD approaches), alternatives available if the flight cannot be completed as planned, and any anticipates traffic delays. In addition, the PIC and MC (where there is one designated) shall conduct a risk assessment prior to the flight.

DRAFT WIN AC

Delays (anticipated traffic delays)
Risk assessment
Alternatives
Fuel Requirements
TFRs

Weather (reports and forecasts)
Instrument procedures (include non-DoD)
NOTAMS

Aircraft
Crew

Question 33

Authorized airfields, DoD airfield facilities

Answer 33

1. Naval aircraft are authorized to operate and land at all U.S military and joint civil-military airfields. When planning to operate at other than home airfields, local training airfields, or OLFs, PICs shall ensure that they are aware of and meet airfield operating requirements and, when necessary have satisfied PPR requirements. PPRs need not be obtained for planned alternate fields or emergency divert airfields.
2. When returning to US from abroad, PICs shall ensure that they will be able to satisfy US Customs Service clearance requirements at their point of entry airfield.

Question 34

Authorized Airfields, Civilian Airfields

Answer 34

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate at civilian airfields listed in the DoD Enroute Supplement or appropriate FAA publications when such operations contribute to mission accomplishment, add value to training, or are otherwise in the interests of the government and taxpayer… Civilian airfields shall not be used for RON unless required for mission accomplishment. In such cases, approval by the appropriate Wing/Group Commander is required. RON is authorized if required for aircraft maintenance or following an emergency divert.

Question 35

Authorized Airfields, Facilities

Answer 35

If fueling and or servicing are anticipated, PICs shall ensure that DoD contract services are available.

Question 36

Helicopter, Tiltrotor, and VSTOL/STOL Landing Areas

Answer 36

Helicopter, Tiltrotor, and VSTOL/STOL aircraft are authorized to land at other than airfield locations (such as fields, highways, and parks), provided:

1. A military requirement exists for such landing
2. Adequate safeguards are taken to permit safe landing and takeoff operations without hazards to people or property
3. There are no legal objections to landing at such nonairfield sites.

Note:

COs are authorized to waive the provisions in subparagraphs 1 through 3 when dispatched helicopters, tiltrotor, or VSTOL/STOL aircraft is engaged in SAR operations.

Question 37

Airfield operations outside published hours/closed control tower airfield operations

Answer 37

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield when both the aircraft reporting custodian (unit commander) and the CO of the airfield have specifically authorized such operations.

Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield without the crash crew being present with the concurrence of the reporting custodian (unit commander) and the CO of the airfield.

Question 38

Flight Plans, General

Answer 38

A flight plan appropriate for the intended operation shall be submitted to the local air traffic control facility for all flights of naval aircraft except the following:

1. Flights of operational necessity
2. Student training flights under the cognizance of CNATRA conducted within authorized training areas. CNATRA shall institute measures to provide adequate flight following service.

Question 39

Submission of the flight plan: PIC/Formation Leader

Answer 39

Except when a daily flight schedule is used in lieu of a flight plan form, the PIC/formation leaders shall sub it a flight plan for their flight (including remote filing via the FWB system). For multipiloted aircraft, the PIC/Form lead may choose to delegate this responsibility to a NATOPS qualified pilot/NFO. Regardless, the PIC/Form lead is responsible for compliance with subparagraphs 1 through 8.

ANGfw BIM WbS

1. The flight has been properly authorized
2. Adequate flight planning data, including NOTAM service, was available for complete and accurate planning.
3. The flight will be conducted in accordance with governing directives and adherence to criteria for fuel requirements and weather minimums.
4. Each pilot in a formation flight has received the required flight route weather briefing (in accordance with Paragraph 4.6.3.).
5. The PIC/each pilot in a formation flight possesses a valid instrument rating if any portion of the flight is to be conducted under IMC or in positive control areas or positive control route segments.
6. Passengers have been properly briefed and manifested.
7. Proper weight and balance forms, if applicable, have been filed.
8. The PIC acknowledges responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight.

Question 40

Weather Criteria for Filing

Answer 40

Flight plans shall be filled based on all the following:

1. The actual weather at the point of departure at the time of clearance
2. The existing on forecast weather for the entire route of flight
3. Destination and alternate forecasts for a period of 1 hour before ETA until 1 hour after ETA.

Question 41

Alternate Requirements/IFR Filing Criteria

Answer 41

Destination weather ETA plus and minus 1 hour / Alternate Weather ETA plus and minus 1 hour

0-0 up to but not including published mins / 3000 -3 or better

Published mins up to not including 3000-3. / Non precision: published mins plus 300-1
Single piloted helicopter/tilirotor absolute mins 200-1/4 / Precision published mins plus 200-1/2

3000-3 or better / No alternate required

In the case of singled piloted or other aircraft with only operable UHF/VHF transceiver, radar approach (PAR/ASR) mins shall not be used as the basis for selection of an alternate airfield.

For aircraft equipped with non-WAAS GPS receivers, aircrew may plan on the use of GPS based approaches at either the destination or the alternate, but not both.

For aircraft equipped with WAAS GPS receivers, aircrew may plan for GPS based approaches at both the destination and alternate.

Question 42

Alternate Airfield

Answer 42

An alternate airfield is required when the weather at the destination is forecast to be less than 3000 foot ceiling and 3 statute miles visibility during the period 1 hour before ETA and until 1 hour after ETA.

NOTE: If an alternate airfield is required, it shall have a published approach compatible with installed operable aircraft navigation equipment that can be flown without the use of two-way radio communication whenever wither one of the following conditions is met:

1. The destination lacks the above described approach
2. The forecasted weather at the alternate is below 3000 foot ceiling and 3 statue mile visibility during the period 1 hour before ETA until 1 hour after ETA.

Question 43

Icing and Thunderstorm Conditions

Answer 43

Flights shall be planned to circumvent areas of forecast atmospheric icing and thunderstorm conditions whenever practicable.

Question 44

Severe Weather Watch Bulletins

Answer 44

WW bulletins are issued for areas where conditions are favorable for for development of severe weather and… where these conditions are actually occurring. Severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings should be treated similar to WW bulletins when flight planning. Except for operational necessity, emergencies, and flights involving all weather research projects or weather reconnaissance, *pilots shall not file into or through areas for which the SPC has issued a WW unless one of the following exceptions apply:

1. Storm development has not progressed as forecast. For air operations originating/terminating at Naval installations or at other DoD installation that serve as main operating bases for naval aircraft, local installation COs and or Wing Commanders may continue operations in areas under a WW based on determination that storm development has not progressed as forecast for the planned route of flight. Normally, such determination should include verification by a DoD forecaster or an FSS. For naval aviators contemplating flight operations from other DoD or commercial airfields, flight operations through WW are authorized only if storm development has not progressed as forecast for the planned route as verified by DoD forecasters or an FSS. In either situation:

A. VFR flight filing is permitted if existing and forecast weather for the planner route permits such flights.
B. IFR flight may be permitted if aircraft radar is installed and operative, thus permitting detection and avoidance of isolated thunderstorms.
C. IFR flight os permissible in controlled airspace if VMC can be maintained, thus enabling aircraft to detect and avoid isolated thunderstorms.

2. Performance characteristics of the aircraft permit an en route flight altitude above existing or developing severe storms.