CNS

Question 1

CVA meaning & alternative name

Answer 1

Cerebrovascular Accident / stroke

Question 2

What is primary aim of physiotherapy ?

Answer 2

To restore proper functioning to the body

Permanent disease ? - reduce impact of dysfunction

Question 3

ICF and reason behind it ?

Answer 3

International classification of functioning, disease and health.

Comprehensive assessment

Question 4

Comprehensive assessment include ?

Answer 4

Participation restrictions
Activity limitations
Impairments

Question 5

Aphasia + dysphasia meaning

Answer 5

Loss of speech

Disturbed speech

Question 6

Receptive + Expressive meaning

Answer 6

Cannot comprehend - wernicke

Cannot express - broca

Question 7

Meaning dysarthria & nerves problem (LMNL)

Answer 7

Nasal sound with speech , motor component of speech

Vagal, glossopharyngeal + facial

Question 8

Meaning dysphagia

Answer 8

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 9

Meaning hemianopia

Answer 9

Destruction of optic tract before chiasm , destroys fibres of half of each retina

Question 10

Meaning hemiplegia

Answer 10

Clinical picture of contralateral lesion

Question 11

3 levels of assessment in objective assessment

Answer 11

Spontaneous behaviour
Response to verbal input
Response to therapeutic handling / facilitation

Question 12

Principles of observation analysis

Answer 12

General behaviour
Functional activities
Quality of movement
Analyse the underlying reasons

Question 13

What is muscle tone

Answer 13

Readiness of muscle
Resistance felt when limb / joint is moved passively
Muscle tension / continuous state of muscle activity

Question 14

Resistance when moved passively due to

Answer 14

Non-neural tone - passive stiffness

Neural tone - active muscle activity ( stretch reflex contraction )

Question 15

Myotatic reflex ?

Answer 15

Monosynaptice reflex, tendon jerk reflex

Question 16

Explain NPRM

Answer 16

Normal postural reflex mechanism

Sensation 
Equilibrium reactions
Protective extensors 
Righting reactions
Tone
Perception
Reciprocal innervation

Question 17

What is spasticity

Answer 17

Velocity dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch of muscle

Question 18

Placing dependent on

Answer 18

Normal tone
Normal reciprocal innervation
Intact tactile sensation
Intact propriception

Question 19

Superficial sensation

Answer 19

Sensation from skin ( cutaneous sensation )

Pain, vibration, temperature and light touch

Question 20

5 modalities of sensation

Answer 20

Posterior tract - vibration, light touch and joint position

Spinothalmic tract - temperature and pin prick

Question 21

Common impairments UMNL

Answer 21

Deficits in sensory awareness ( information from sensory receptors not perceived )
Deficits in sensory interpretation ( loses ability to correctly interpret info form receptors )
Deficits in kinesthetic memory ( sensory knowledge of normal movement )

Question 22

What is assessed in hemiplegic patient to determine sensory changes

Answer 22

Pain
LT
Thermal 
Proprioception
Tactile discrimination

Question 23

Stereognosis

Answer 23

Ability to differentiate in size , form, texture etc through touch

Question 24

2 point discrimination tests

Answer 24

Ability to differentiate between two dofferent stimuli when given at the same time

Question 25

5 patterns of loss during SCI

Answer 25

``` Complete transverse lesion Hemi-section of cord Central cord lesion Posterior column loss Anterior spinal syndrome ```

Question 26

For what injuries should there be no Oxford grade testing

Answer 26

CVA / head injuries