PNS Flashcards
(36 cards)
Why is mobility of NS important?
NS should be able to elongate and shorten during normal movement while conducting impulses uninterruptedly.
Aspects in neural examination that needs to be physically assessed?
Observation and analysis
Sensation, motor function, reflexes , diagnostic tests
Neurodynamics
Motor control, balance, co-ordination and tone
Other joint and muscle tests
What is considered to be the PNS ?
Nerve roots Spinal nerves Sinovertebral nerve / recurrent meningeal nerve Anterior and posterior primary ramus Neural plexi Peripheral nerves
What is mechanical interface ?
Tissue/material adjacent to the NS that can move independently to the NS
Nerve roots susceptible to & why?
Compression and chemical irritation.
Thin CT layers surrounding NR
Mechanical interface of brachial plexus
IVF Scalenes Rib1 Pect minor Axilla
Mechanical interface of lumbar plexus
IVF
Psoas
Quads
Inguinal ligament
Mechanical interface of lumbosacral plexus
IVF
Piriformis
Hamstrings
Lateral ischial tuberosity
Name neural plexus and spinal nerves
Out of ventral ramus / anterior primary ramus from spinal nerves Cervical C1-4 Brachial C4-T1 Lumbar L2-L4 Lumbosacral L4-S2
Structures that innervate PNS
Afferent neurons - nervi nervorum
2 ways NS adapts to movement
Intraneural tension
Movement of nerves - gross + intraneural
Neural gliding depends on
Sequence of movement
Tension points
Axoplasmic flow and blood flow dependent on
Movement and posture
Protection of NS
Myelin sheath Connective tissues Diffusion barriers Dynamics of neurovascular Innervation
Key processes to injury to peripheral nerves
Altered bloodflow
Altered anxoplasmic flow
AIGS
Biomechanical response of Tensile forces vs Compression forces
@20% loses structural intergrity
@30% mechanical failure
To hold integrity = 6%
Cessation of bloodflow @ =15%
Vs
Duration, level of pressure, pressure points and health of NS determines effect
Wallerian degeneration
Degeneration of distal nerve axon following injury at cell body or proximal part of axon. Characterised with fragmentation of axon and myelin sheath
Classification of injury in PNS
Neuropraxia
Neurotmesis
Axonotmesis
Neuropathy
Symptoms of PNS
Pain, weakness, sensory changes
Signs of cauda equina
Bladder and bowel involvement
Saddle anaesthesia
Red flags subjective interview spinal cord compression
Upper motor neuron lesion Increased tone / reflexes Gait disturbances Bilateral / quadralateral parathesia Bladder / bowel - spastic
RIC stands for
Resisted Isometric contraction
Definition of tremor
Involuntary rhythmical contraction of muscles
Definition of fasciculations
Spontaneous contractions of muscle in regards to single motor unit
