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My Patho > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

0
Q

Presents as dementia

A

Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo

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1
Q

Sunset eyes

A

Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

3 types of Herniation Syndromes

A

Subfalcine (Cingulate)
Transtentorial
Tonsillar

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3
Q

Kernohan’s notch

Duret Hemorrhages

A

Transtentorial Herniation

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4
Q

Most deadly herniation

A

Tonsillar Herniation

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5
Q

Which CN is compressed in Transtentorial Herniation?

A

CN III

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6
Q

Contralateral cerebral peduncle compression resulting in hemiparesis ipsilateral to the side of the herniation

A

Kernohan’s notch

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7
Q

Hemorrhagic lesions in midbrain and pons

A

Duret hemorrhages

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8
Q

Subfalcine Herniation may lead to compression or branches of what artery?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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9
Q

What gyrus will be displaced under the falx cerebri in Subfalcine Herniation?

A

Cingulate Gyrus

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10
Q

Kernohan’s notch
Duret Hemorrhaged
Medial temporal lobe is compressed

A

Transtentorial Herniation

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11
Q

Life threatening herniation because it compresses the brainstem

A

Tonsillar Herniation

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12
Q

Tonsillat herniation displaces the cerebellar tonsils through?

A

the Foramen Magnum

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13
Q

Diverticulum of malformed CNS tissue extending through a defect in the cranium

A

Encephalocele

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14
Q

Failure of closure of the posterior neuropore

A

Spinal Dysraphism or Spina Bifida

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15
Q

Asymptomatic bony defect in the spinal vertebrae

A

Spina bifida Occulta

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16
Q

Extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column

A

Myelomeningocele

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17
Q

Meningeal extrusion through a defect in the vertebral column

A

Meningocele

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18
Q

Failure of closure of the anterior neuropore

A

Anencephaly

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19
Q

Give 2 posterior fossa anomalies

A

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

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20
Q

Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis
Cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle
Non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

Dandy-Walker Malformation

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21
Q

Downward extension of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum

  • Hydrocephalus
  • Lumbar Myelomeningocele
A

Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I

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22
Q

Low-Lying Cerebellar tonsils that extend down into the vertebral canal

A

Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type II

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23
Q

Formation of a fluid filled cleftlike cavity in the inner portion of the cord
- May extend into the brainstem (Syringobulbia)

A

Syringomyelia

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24
Q

What are the 4 grade in terms of severity of Intraventricular Hemorrhage?

A

Grade I: germinal matrix
Grade II: Inside the ventricles
Grade III: ventricular enlargement
Grade IV: intraparenchymal

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25
Q

Thinning out of gyri due to cortical ischemia

A

Ulegyria

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26
Q

Marbolization of deep nuclei due to ischemia and gliosis

A

Status Marmoratus

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27
Q

These are old traumatic lesions with depressed, retracted, yellowish brown patched involving the crests of gyri

A

Plaque of Jaune

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28
Q

Red Neuron
Reactive Gliosis
Liquefactive Necrosis

A

White infarcts

29
Q

Parallel white infarcts but with extravasation and resorption of blood

A

Red Infarcts

30
Q

Vascular Dementia

Binswanger Syndrome

A

Hypertensive CVD

31
Q

Preferential involvement of large areas of the subcortical white matter with myelin and axon loss

A

Binswanger Syndrome

32
Q

2 most common causes of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage

A

Hypertension

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

33
Q

Minute microaneurysms in the basal ganglia

A

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm

34
Q

Chronic meningitis involving the base of the brain
Heubner arteritis
Gummas

A

Meningovascular Neurosyphilis

35
Q

General Paresis of the Insane
Dementia Paralytica
Progressiv mental deficits asso with mood and severe dementia

A

Paretic Neurosyphilis

36
Q

Charcot joints
Lightning pains
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Damaged dorsal columns leading to impaired proprioception and locomotor ataxia

A

Tabes Dorsalis

37
Q

Acute, hemorrhagic, necrotizing encephalitis of the temporal lobes and orbital gyri
Cowdry Type A

A

Herpes Encephalitis

38
Q

Subacute Hemorrhagic encephalitis asso with inclusion-bearing cells
(Owl’s Eye inclusions)

A

CMV Encephalitis

39
Q

Most common area of the brain affected by CMV Enceph

A

Paraventricular Subependymal Regions

40
Q

Most common demyelinating disease

Antibodies against Myelin basic protein in Oligodendrocytes

A

Multiple Sclerosis

41
Q

Clinical feature of Multiple Sclerosis

A

Unilateral Visual Impairment (CN II)
-optic and retrobulbar neuritis
CSF-> Oligoclobal bands

42
Q

Most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

43
Q 
Nucleis basalis of Meynert
Neuritic (senile) plaques
-A-beta-Amyloid
Neurofibrillary tangles
-Tau protein
Granulovacuolar Degeneration
Hirano bodies
-actin filaments
A

Alzheimer’s Disease

44
Q

Knife-edge appearance

Pick bodies

A

Pick Disease

45
Q

Substantia nigra
Lewey Bodies
- alpha-synuclein

A

Parkinsons

46
Q

CAG repeats
HD gene
Huntingtin protein
Exhibits Anticipation

A

Huntington Disease

47
Q 
SOD1 gene 
Chromosome 21
Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase
Bunina bodies
Neurogenic atrophy
Stephen-Hawkin
aka Lou Gehrig's Disease
A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

48
Q

Fasciculations
Progressive Muscular Atrophy
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
Symmetric weakness of the hands

A

ALS aka Lou Gehrig’s Disease

49
Q

Hemorrhage and necrosis of the Mamillary Bodies,
A-Ataxia
C-Confabulations
O-Ophthalmoplegia

A

Wernicke Encephalopathy

50
Q

Hemosiderin-Laden macrophages in Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Thalamus

A

Korsakoff Syndrome

51
Q

Supratentorial Tumor

A

Adults

52
Q

Infratentorial Tumor

A

Children

53
Q

Most common brain tumor in Adults

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme
Meningioma
Ependymoma

54
Q

Most common brain tumor in Children

A

Cystic Cerebellar Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Brainstem Glioma

55
Q

Frontal lobe in adults

Cerebellum in children

A

Astrocytoma

56
Q

Pseudo-palisading pattern of tumor cells

High-grade Astrocytoma

A

Glioblastoma Multiforma

57
Q

Loose microcytic pattern
Bipolar cells
Rosenthal Fibers

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

58
Q

Cytoplasmic Halos
Perineuronal Satellitosis
Fried-Egg Appearance

A

Oligodendroglioma

59
Q

Perivascular Rosettes

A

Ependymoma

60
Q

Pale Islands

Drop Metastases in Cauda Equina

A

Medulloblastoma

61
Q

Common location - Parasagittal
Psammoma Bodies
Most common benign tumor in adults

A

Meningioma

62
Q

Most common brain malignancy

A 
Metastasis from the Lungs
Breast
Skin
Kidneu
GIT
63
Q

Cerebellopontine Angle

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

A

Schwannoma

64
Q 
Antoni A (Verocay Bodies)
Antoni B
A

Schwannoma

65
Q

Shredded Carrot Appearance

Neurofibromatosis Type I

A

Plexiform Neurofibroma

66
Q

TSC1 gene
Chromosome 9
Autosomal Dominant
Hamartomas

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

67
Q

Subependymal Giant-Cell Astrocytoma
Renal angiomyolipomas
Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

68
Q 
Shagreen Patches
Ash-leaf Patches
Subungal Fibromas
Potato / Tuber Appearance
Candle-Guttering
A

Tuberous Sclerosis

69
Q 
Cafe-au-lait spots
Autosomal Dominant
Hemangioblastoma
Renal Cell Ca
Pheochromocytoma
A

Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

My Patho (8 decks)

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