CNS Appendix A Flashcards
1
Q
Chordata
A
PHYLUM in which man is classified
2
Q
Vertebrata
A
SUBPHYLUM in which man is classified
3
Q
Mammalia
A
CLASS in which man is classified
4
Q
Primate
A
ORDER in which man is classified
5
Q
Homo Sapiens
A
Proper way to write the GENUS and SPECIES of man
6
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
7
Q
Neurohypophysis
A
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
8
Q
Hypophysis Cerebri
A
Pituitary gland (entire structure)
9
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri
A
Pineal gland (body)
10
Q
Embryo
A
The name given the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation
11
Q
Fetus
A
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
12
Q
Neonate
A
The newborn infant
13
Q
Dentate
A
Notched or toothlike
14
Q
Arcuate
A
Arranged like an arch
15
Q
Striae (striatal)
A
A groove or streak-like formation
16
Q
Rectus
A
Means straight
17
Q
Reticular
A
Net-like
18
Q
Fissure
A
A relatively deep groove (infolding)
19
Q
Sulcus
A
A relatively shallow groove (infolding)
20
Q
Gyrus
A
Tortuous convolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissures of the cerebrum
21
Q
Folia
A
Small page-like gyro of the cerebellum
22
Q
Nuclei
A
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
23
Q
Ganglia
A
A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)
24
Q
Neuron
A
A nerve cell
25
Perikaryon
Used synonymously with the CELL BODY (Soma) of the neuron
26
Axon
A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)
27
Hillock
A small prominence or elevation
28
Dendrite
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body
29
Fiber
If a neuron has a dominantly LONG process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a "fiber." It may be designated also as a "nerve fiber" or a "neuron fiber."
30
Nerve
These are the whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervates the body's parts
31
Ramus
Literally means a BRANCH. In neurology we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white RAMUS, gray RAMUS, dorsal RAMUS, ventral RAMUS, etc.
32
Axolemma
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon
33
Neurilemma
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)
34
Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)
Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
35
Central Canal
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
36
Aqueduct
Passageway, i.e. - Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)
37
Leptomeninx
Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater
38
Pachymeninx
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater
39
Somesthetic
To sense the body
40
Modality
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.
41
Proprioception
The modality of SUBCONSCIOUS awareness of body position and muscle movement
42
Kinesthesia
The modality of CONSCIOUS awareness of body position and muscle movement
43
Adrenergic
The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site
44
Cholinergic
The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site
45
Chiasma
A crossing - usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (i.e. - optic chiasma)
46
Decussation
A crossing - used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS
47
Contralateral
To the opposite side
48
Ipsilateral
On the same side
49
Anterograde
Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body
50
Retrograde
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body
51
Fugal
Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix. i.e. - pallidalfugal (away from the pallidal nuclei)
52
Lesion
Any type of injury, damage or "hurt" can be called a lesion
53
Myelopathy
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
54
Necrosis
Deadness. Death of cells or tissue
55
Neoplasm (tumor)
Any new abnormal growth
56
Malignant
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
57
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissue
58
Idiopathic
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
59
Ischemia
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis
60
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels (i.e. - subdural hematoma, etc.)
61
Aneurysm
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)
62
Stroke
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident [CVA])
63
Angiography
X-Ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
64
Myelography
X-Ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF
65
Ataxia
General term for IRREGULARITY in skeletal muscle coordination
66
Paralysis
Total or partial LOSS of normal motor function
67
Aphasia
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs
68
Dysphasia
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
69
Archi
Prefix meaning beginning or original
70
Paleo
Prefix meaning "old" - similar to but not used interchangeably with "Archi" in the CNS
71
Neo
Prefix meaning "new" - usually in contrast to archi or paleo
72
Cauda Equina
Horses' Tail
73
Cephalgia
Headache (also spelled cephalalgia)
74
Cornu
Horn-like projection (cornua is plural)
75
Crus
Leg or leg-like
76
Cytoarchitecture
The PATTERN of cell arrangements
77
Falx
Sickle-shaped (Falces is plural)
78
Fenestra
Window-like
79
Foramen
Opening (such as Foramen Magnum)
80
Glial
Means "glue like." Several CNS cell types are included as glial cells
81
Micron
A metric system unit of length. The world means "small" and is measured at 1X10^(-6) meters. Alpha is its abbreviation. (Micron and micrometer are synonymous terms)
82
Operculum
Means lid or covering
83
Pallium
To "cloak." Used synonymously with "cortex" (i.e. - cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)
84
Pons
Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)
85
BBB
Blood brain barrier
86
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
87
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
88
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack (often precedes the CVA) or RIND (Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit)
89
DRG
Dorsal root ganglia
90
IVF
Intervertebral Foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
91
EEG
Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
92
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-Rays and is widely used)
93
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)
94
PET
Positron Emission Tomography (Device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)
95
M.O.
Medulla Oblongata
96
M.S.
Multiple Sclerosis
97
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrigh's Disease)
98
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
99
ACH
Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified - widespread in CNS and PNS)
