CNS Drugs: Uses, S/Es Flashcards by Anthony Carli

decreases EtOH craving and relapse rate…

acamprosate

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This drug can be used for aversion therapy for EtOH addiction, but it is not recommended. Effects can be severe.

disulfiram

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anticonvulsant used for:

EtOH abuse: decreases craving, increases abstinence.

topiramate

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this is a short acting barbiturate for induction of anesthesia…

thiopental

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this is a long acting barbiturate for anciconvulsant use

phenobarbital

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The below are S/Es of what class?

CNS Depression (10-22 hours)

Paradoxical Excitement

Severe dependence: physio and psych

barbiturates

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The below are C/Is to what drugs?

Porphyria: enhanced porphyrin synth

Pulmonary Insufficiency: respiratory depression

Combination w. CNS Depressants: supra-additive effects

barbiturates

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Which anxiolytic class shouldn’t be used for the below conditions? What should be used instead?

OCD
Agoraphobia/Panic d/o
PTSD
Anxiety in children and adolescents

benzos, use SSRI

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The below three BZs are useful to treat…

flurazepam
temazepam
triazolam

insomnia (can’t stay asleep)

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What two BZs are DOC for status epilepticus?

diazepam, lorazepam

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This BZ is useful for sedation/anesthsia induction and can cause anterograde amnesia…

midazolam

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Which BZ can be useful for muscle relaxation

diazepam

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chlordiazepoxide
diazepam
lorazepam

these can tx…

alcohol, barb withdrawal

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Three C/Is for B Z use…

Pregnancy
Sleep Apnea
Elderly

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this drug can cause withdrawal sxs or seizures for those with BZ dependence…

flumazenil

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non-GABA anxiolytic used for:

GAD
Anxiety + Depression
PMS/PMDD
ADHD, Autism w. Anxiety

bupropion / wellbutrin

DA/NE reuptake inhibitor

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Which anxiolytic can be used for those with hx of abuse, and has a low addiction potential?

buspirone

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Which Z Drug can exhibit withdrawal sxs if abrupt cessation?

eszopiclone

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The below are S/Es for which sedative hypnotic?

Sleep Paralysis
Hallucination
Muscle weakness
Depression exacerbation

suvorexant

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The below are common S/Es of which drug class?

Decreased Seizure Threshold

Autonomic: anticholinergic sxs (dry mouth, tachy, etc), alpha adrenergic sxs (hypotension), antihistamine sxs (sedation)

Antipsychotics

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Which classic antipsychotic is also an anti-emetic?

prochlorperazine

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Which classic antipsychotic is used as an acute antipsychotic?

haloperidol

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antipsychotic

used as pre-anesthetic or for drug psychosis

chlorpromazine
(classical antipsychotic, antimaniac)

(blocks mesolimbic DA receptors, alpha adrenergic receptors)

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Which classic antipsychotic exhibits EPS with chronic use?

haloperidol

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This classic antipsychotic has high anticholinergic activity, and therefore low EPS. Also can cause retinal deposits

chlorpromazine

This drug is 1st line for psychosis. it treats positive and negative sxs

risperidone

antipsychotic, prolonged QT

risperidone, ziprazidone

antipsychotic used for tourette's and acute mania.

ziprasidone (atypical antipsychotic) | D2, 5HT2a antagonist, 5HT1a agonist

The below are side effects of which antipsychotic... Prolonged QT Decreased seizure threshold increased mortality in elderly

Ziprasidone (atypical antipsychotic, inhibits 5HT, NE reuptake)

antipsychotic drug of last resort agranulocytosis risk

clozapine

This antipsychotic neither elevates prolactin nor causes agranulocytosis. S/Es are Few EPS sxs Very Sedating Constipation dizziness

Quetiapine (atypical antipsychotic) | D2 and 5HT2 antagonsit

This antipsychotic has the below S/Es No Agranulocytosis EPS sxs rare Hyperglycemia w. T2DM

olanzapine

this drug doesn't increase prolactin, nor prolong QT. But it can cause decreased esophageal motility

aripiprazole/abilify | atypical antipsychotic: binds D2, D3, 5HT1a and 2a

antipsychotic | used for depression w. bipolar

Lurasidone

Agranulocytosis and neutropenia are S/Es for...

lurasidone

optimal conc. of lithium is between...

0.6-1.2 mEq/L

which mood stabilizer can cause diabetes insipidus

lithium

this drug is used to produce a calming effect in manic patients

lithium

lithium concentration has a(n)______ relationship with sodium because they ______for reabsorption in the proximal tubule

inverse, compete in PT

This drug can be used as a mood stabilizer if there is no lithium response. It is used for rapid cycling manic/depressive phases

valproic acid | increased GABA, sodium and calcium channels

this drug can be used in refractory bipolor d/o in combo with lithium

carbamazepine (anticonvulsant, sodium channel blocker)

which anticonvulsant has the following uses in mood d/o? prevention of relapse, depression following mania, acute manic episodes

lamotrigine (sodium channel blocker, SJS risk)

Dibucaine is used topically in the US. A dibucaine number measures butyrylcholinesterase activity. A number of ____ or below is considered deficient

which drug class provides relief for spastic muscle disorders like CP, MS, CVA

spasmolytics

Which spasmolytic has the below side effects? Drowsiness, weakness Increased seizure activity Resp. depression if intrathecal

baclofen (muscle relaxant)

This spasmolytic has the below side effects and can be used for acute and chronic spasm... Sedation, dry mouth, weakness, falls in elderly, hepatotoxic

tizanidine

Which spasmolytic is used for... Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Malignant Hyperthermia

dantrolene | prevents ca release from SR

which spasmolytic? Local injection to control spasm after CVA or Neuro Injury Effects last for weeks/months

botox

Which anticonvulsant? Use: Partial Seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic Not effective for Absence Seizure S/Es: Gingival hyperplasia, SJS, Teratogenic

phenytoin | sodium channel blocker

This is DOC for partial seizures and trigeminal neuralgia

carbamazepine (sodium channel blocker)

Which anticonvulsant has the below side effects? SJS (screen for HLA-B 1502), Teratogenic, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, GI sxs

carbamazepine | sodium channel blocker

lamotrigine is used for...

partial seizures

Which drug? Uses: Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Migraine Prevention

topiramate | sodium channel blocker, increases GABA

Levetiracetam is mostly used for what seizure type?

partial seizures

which drug is used for... GAD, neuropathic pain

pregabalin (GABA Analog, anticonvulsant)

which drug is an adjunct for partial seizures?

tiagabine (GABA enhancer)

Which anticonvulsant has the below side effects? Rare rash, Teratogenic, CNS sxs

tiagabine

Which anticonvulsant? Uses: Refractory Complex Partial Seizures┃Infantile Spasm (West’s Syndrome)

vigabatrin

DOC for absence seizures

ethosuximide

This drug is used for mixed seizures...

valproic acid

anticonvulsant hepatotoxic increased risk for spina bifida

valproic acid

MAOIs are used for what type of depression?

refractory depression

which antidepressant class is limited due to toxicity and overdose risk, but has the below side effects? ``` Analgesia SIADH + Hyponatremia Sexual Dysfunction Decreased seizure threshold Tolerance ```

TCAs

SNRI hepatotoxic causes acute angle closure glaucoma

duloxetine (cymbalta)

Which SNRI can cause severe HTN?

venlafaxine (effexor)

what is the current DOC for depression?

citalopram (celexa) or escitalopram (lexapro)

The below are contraindications to what class? Use of Partial Agonist with a Full Agonist Head Injury Pregnancy Pulm. Insufficiency Hepatic/Renal Dysfunction Endocrine d/o

opioids

The below are side effects of... ``` Derm: Itching Pulm: Resp. Depression Cardio: hypotension GI: N/V, Constipation GU: Urinary Retention MSK: Restlessness Psych: Dysphoria ```

opioids

whch parkinson's drug? Tx of parkinson’s sxs, bradykinesia Doesn’t affect disease progression Effectiveness decreases over time Not effective in Parkinson-ism

l-dopa

What are the two major side effects of L-Dopa?

N/V, Arrhythmia

Which class of parkinson's meds has the below side effects? ``` insomnia (catecholamines), HTN Increased L-Dopa S/Es No combination w. Meperidine Serotonin Syndrome w. TCAs or SSRIs ```

MAOIs

which parkinson's drug has the below characteristics? Uses: prolonged DA action, Increases L-Dopa pool S/Es: hepatic failure

tolcapone (COMT inhibitor)

which parkinson's drug has the below characteristics? Uses: prolonged DA action, Increases L-Dopa pool S/Es: orange urine

Entacapone/comtan | COMT-Inhibitor

Which parkinson's drugs have the below SEs? ``` Class S/Es: GI: Anorexia, N/V CV: Postural hypotension, Arrhythmia Dyskinesia Psych Sxs Decreased Prolactin ```

DA receptor agonists

bromocriptine has what side effect?

erythromelalgia

This is DOC for RLS

ropinirole

2 parkinson's drugs used for: monotherapy in mild PD soothe response to l-dopa in late PD

ropinirole, pramipexole | DA Agonists

Which drug is used as a rescue for periods off l-dopa?

apomorphine

Which parkinson's drug has the below SEs? ``` Nausea (Tx with Trimethobenzamide) Avoid Odansetron (5HT system) , Prochlorperazine (DA D2 Blocker) ```

apomorphine

Which parkinson's drug has the below characteristics? Early/Mild PD Cause Livedo Reticularis (red/blue spotting of skin) OD = Toxic Psychosis, Convulsions

amantadine

used for PD associated psychosis Not approved for dementia/Alzheimers

pimavanserin

Which parkinson's drugs? Late stages - improves rigidity, tremor Doesn’t help w. Bradykinesia Effects increased by antidepressants/antihistamines

anticholinergics

Which alzheimer's drugs? QD to slow progression, increase brain activity/cognitive function

cholinesterase inhibitors: | donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Which alzheimer's drugs? Use: Late Stage in combo w. AChEs C/I: Use w. Meperidine, dxm

Memantine (NMDA Receptor Antagonist)

CNS Drugs: Uses, S/Es Flashcards

(84 cards)