CNS meds Flashcards
(38 cards)
CNS stimulants
med uses
- Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
- Narcolepsy
- Reversal of respiratory distress
- Obesity
amphetamines
-cause euphoria and alertness but they can also cause sleeplessness, restlessness, tremors, and irritability.
CV problems such as increased heart rate palpitations, cardiac dysthymias, and hypertension can occur
- used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
Amphetamines
drugs
- amphetamine (Adderall) -1
- dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) -2
amphetamines
action and uses
- Action
- Stimulate release of norepinephrine and dopamine
- Uses
- Increase __________ in narcolepsy (1 & 2)
- Decrease hyperactivity, ______________, restlessness of ADHD (1)
- Treatment of obesity (2)
amphetamines
SE/AD
- Side effects/adverse reactions
- Tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension
- Sleeplessness, restlessness
- Anorexia, dry mouth, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation
- Impotence
amphetamine-like
drugs
•ADHD
•methylphenidate (Ritalin) – Controlled –substance Schedule 2 (CSS II)
•methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
•Increases a persons attention span, cognitive performance, decrease impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness
•Narcolepsy
•Modafinil (Provigil)
•Pemoline (Cylert)
•__________ amount of time patients feel awake – action unknown
amphetamine
SE
- Wide range of side effects, dose related
- Tend to “speed up” body systems
- Increased HR and palpitation
• Hypertension – may reverse effects of antihypertensive – methylphenidate – (Ritalin)
- Angina
- Dysrhythmias
- Nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia
- Dry mouth
- Increased urinary frequency
Amphetamine/Amphetamine like Drugs
Nursing Interventions
- Give before breakfast and lunch
- Assess heart rate/rhythm
- Record height, weight, and growth of children
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine
- Use sugarless gum to relieve dry mouth
- Do not stop abruptly– taper off instead
anorexiants
Short Term use only due to tolerance. Psychological dependence and possible psychosis – no longer recommended for use as appetite suppressants due to the effects of the CNS stimulation.
lipase inhibitors
- replaced anorexiants as drug of choice for weight loss -decrease GI absorption of fats so that they are secreted in the feces
- May have side effects of diarrhea, flatus with discharge, HA.
- Abdominal cramping
- Hypoglycemia may occur in DM
anorexiants -
appetite suppression
- Prescriptive or over the counter (OTC)
- Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) – ADHD no longer used as an anorexiant
•Orlistat (Xenical or Alli) – Lipase Inhibitors
•Action
•Suppress appetite
•Use
•Obesity
•Side effects
•Nervousness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, palpitations, hypertension
•Do not give to children under the age of 12
CNS stimulants- analeptics
Affect the brainstem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
Used to stimulate respirations
One subgroup in this class of medications is: xanthines
(methylxanthines)
- Caffeine – stimulates the CNS
- Theophylline to relax the bronchioles and increase respiration in newborns
CNS Stimulants Analeptics - Xanthines
Caffeine (NoDoz, coffee, chocolate, cold meds)
Theophylline
CNS Stimulants Analeptics - Xanthines
Uses
•Uses
- Caffeine and Theophylline–stimulate respiration in newborns
- Theophylline—relax bronchioles
CNS Stimulants Analeptics - Xanthines
SE
- Side effects
- Restlessness, tremors, twitching
- Palpitations, insomnia
- Tinnitus, nausea, diarrhea
- Psychologic dependence
- High doses negatively affects the CNS and heart: dysrythmias, convulsions
CNS Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram (Dopram)
CNS Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram (Dopram)
uses
•Uses:
- Treat respiratory depression due to drug overdose
- Post-anesthetic respiratory depression
- COPD
- Administered IV with onset of action within 20-40 seconds
CNS Respiratory Stimulants
Doxapram (Dopram)
SE
•Side effects —infrequent
- Overdose SE—Hypertension; tachycardia; tremors; spasticity & hyperactive reflexes
- Mechanical ventilation is more effective if OD on certain drugs
CNS Stimulate Nursing Process
•Assessment – check history of heart disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, parkinsonism, glaucoma, mood, affect, aggressiveness, herbal use
- Ritalin may reverse the effects of antihypertensive medication.
- Labs” CBC, WBC, Platelets during treatment
- Nursing Diagnosis: Risk prone health behavior, Deficient knowledge.
•Planning: Patient will…….statement
•Interventions – nursing actions – must be measurable
•Patient Teaching – Avoid alcohol, side effects, notify provider before modifying dose, avoid food products and over the counter medications that have caffeine
•Evaluation – Is medication working, Decreased hyperactivity, normal sleep patterns ___8__ hours a night, patient knowledge verbalized.
CNS Depressants
- Sedative hypnotics – barbiturates, benzodiazepines, non benzodiazepines, melatonin agents.
- General anesthetics
- Analgesics
- Opioid analgesics
- Non-opioid analgesics
- Anticonvulsants
•Antipsychotics
•Antidepressants
-cause CNS depression or decreased CNS Activity
CNS Depressants
Sedatives
•Drugs that diminishes physical and mental response
•Hypnotics
- Cause hypnotic effect (not hypnosis) – form of natural sleep
- A sedative can become a hypnotic if it is given in large enough doses
Sedative-hypnotics—dose dependent
- At low doses, calm the CNS without inducing sleep
- At high doses, calm the CNS to the point of causing sleep
sedative-hypnotics
•Sedatives - Mildest form of CNS depression
•Sedative-hypnotics
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepiness
- Nonbenzodiazepines
•OTC
- Nytol, Sleep-Eze, Tylenol PM
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
sedative hypnotics
Should be short term to prevent drug tolerance
-Monitor high doses over long period of time for withdrawal symptoms
Sedative-Hypnotics Barbiturates
ultra-short acting
- Used as a general anesthetic
- Example: thiopental sodium (Pentothal)
