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PSYC270 > CNS Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

CNS Neuroanatomy Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Structures in the Hindbrain

A

Pons + medulla + Cerebellum

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2
Q

Medulla

A

Part of Hindbrain
Where the 12 cranial nerves originate
Controls vital reflexes

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3
Q

Pons

A

Part of Hindbrain

Axons from each half of the brain cross to opposite side of spinal cord

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Part of Hindbrain

Movement control + balance

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5
Q

Parts of the Midbrain

A 
Tectum
Tagmentum
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Substantia nigra
Cerebral peduncle
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6
Q

Tectum

A

Part of midbrain
roof (dorsal of midbrain)
Superior + Inferior colliculus

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7
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Part of midbrain

Vision processing

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8
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Part of midbrain

Hearing processing

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9
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Part of midbrain

Synthesizes dopamine

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10
Q

Parts of the Forebrain

A

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of forebrain

Thalamus + Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Telencephalon

A

Part of forebrain

Everything in forebrain other than thalamus + hypothalamus

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13
Q

Limbic System

A 
Part of telencephalon
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Olfactory bulb
Cingulate gyrus
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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of limbic system and diencephalon
Homeostasis regulation
Contains mammillary nuclei + posterior pituitary gland+ anterior pituitary gland + Lateral hypothalamus + Ventral medial hypothalamus

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15
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of limbic system

Production fo fear and anger behaviours and fear memories

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16
Q

Thalamus

A

Part of diencephalon
Relay station for all senses except olfaction
Sends output to cortex
Contains lateral geniculate nucleus

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17
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of limbic system
Memory center – spatial, contextual and episodic memory and navigation
Damage results in retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Contains dentate gyrus + cornu ammonis + subiculum

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18
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Made of the caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus + ventral striatum
Used in voluntary motor functions
Damage impairs movement -> Huntington’s + Parkinson’s

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19
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of basal ganlgia
Important in voluntary movement
Forms dorsal striatum with putamen

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20
Q

Putamen

A

Part of basal ganglia
Input from sensory and motor areas and projects info to globus pallidus
Reinforcement and motor learning
Forms the dorsal striatum with the caudate nucleus

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21
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

Part of basal ganglia

Inhibitory output from basal ganglia -> thalamus

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22
Q

Basal Forebrain

A

Contains nucleus basalis

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23
Q

Pyriform cortex

A

Olfaction, receives input from olfactory bulbs

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24
Q

Cingulate cortex/gyrus

A

Generation of emotional responses

Part of limbic system

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25
Motor cortex
Execution of movmemnts
26
Prefrontal cortex
Part of Frontal lobe | Regulation of cognitive processes -- working memory, inhibitory control
27
Entorhinal cortex
Located in medial temporal lobe | Memory system
28
Anterior commisure
Part of olfactory tract crosses here
29
Name the commisures
Corpus callosum, hippocampal commissure, anterior and posterior commissure
30
Where are the ventricles located
Lateral ventricle: One on each side of forebrain 3rd ventricle: located in the midbrain, connects to 4th in center of medulla 4th ventricle: located in the hindbrain
31
What are fiber tracts
Pathways of white matter
32
Optic chiasm
Fiber tract where part of optic nerve crosses here to contralateral hemisphere
33
Optic Tract
Fiber tract where segment of optic nerve that connects chiasm and lateral geniculate nucleus
34
Olfactory tract
Fiber tract where transmission of olfactory information from olfactory bulbs -> primary olfactory cortex
35
Fornix
Fiber tract connecting hippocampus -> Mammillary nuclei + septal nuclei
36
Olfactory bulb
Part of limbic system | Extracts info from odours and passes on to pyriform cortex
37
Dentate gyrus
Part of the hippocampus Granule (excitatory) and basket (inhibitory) cells Adult neurogenesis occurs here
38
Ventral striatum/nucelus accumbens
Dopaminergic input from ventral tagmental area | Motivation and reward processing
39
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Part of the thalamus | Input of visual info from retina -> primary visual cortex
40
Mammillary nuclei
Part of hypothalamus | Memory formation
41
Posterior pituitary gland
Part of hypothalamus Releases oxytocin + vasopressin Axons directly project from hypothalamus
42
Anterior pituitary gland
Part of hypothalamus Releases hormones than regulate endocrine organs Connected via blood vessels to hypothalamus
43
Pineal Body
Stimulated by darkness to produce melatonin
44
Cerebral peducle
Descending fiber pathway to spinal cord
45
Tegmentum
Part of midbrain, under tectum | Contains ventral tagmental area
46
Ventral tagmental area
Part of tegmentum | Cognition, motivation, reward processing
47
Reticular formation
Part of brainstem Maintain wakefullness and sleep Contains the raphe nuclei
48
Raphe nuclei
Part of reticular formation | Releases serotonin to brain
49
Nucleus Basalis
Part of basal forebrain Axons release acetylcholine -> cortex Arousal + wakefullness + attention
50
Cornu ammonis
Part of hippocampus | Pyramidal cells
51
Subiculum
Part of hippocampus | Pyramidal cells
52
Occipital Lobe
Visual processing -- local orientation + spacial-frequency + color properties Contains primary visual cortex
53
Primary visual cortex
Located in occipital lobe | Damage results in cortical blindness in related visual field
54
Parietal Lobe
Manipulation of objects + bodily sensations Bordered by central sulcus + lateral fissure + occipital lobe Contains post central gyrus
55
Post central gyrus
Input from touch + muscle-stretch + joint receptors
56
Temporal Lobe
Speech + language functions Episodic memory Object + face recognition
57
Frontal Lobe
Higher order cognitions | Contains Precentral gyrus + prefrontal lobe
58
Precentral gyrus
Located in the frontal lobe | Fine motor control
59
Corpus callosum
Largest commisure
60
Hippocampal commissure
Part of fornix crosses here
61
Anterior commissure
Part of olfactory tract crosses here
62
Posterior commissure
Fibers originate from thalamic nuclei
63
Cerebral peduncle
Part of midbrain | Descending fibers into spinal cord
64
Lateral hypothalamus
Promotes hunger
65
Ventral medial hypothalamus
Promotes satiety
66
Where is the tectum located?
Midbrain
67
Where is the precentral gyrus located?
Frontal lobe
68
Where is the subiculum located?
Hippocampus
69
Where is the raphe nuclei located?
Reticular formation
70
Where is the postcentral gyrus located?
Parietal Lobe
71
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
Occipital Lobe
72
Where is the substantia nigra located?
Midbrain
73
Where is the dentate nucleus located?
Hippocampus
74
Where is the lateral geniculate nucleus located?
Thalamus
75
Where is the posterior pituitary gland located?
Hypothalamus
76
Where is the inferior colliculus located?
Midbrain
77
Where is the mamillary nuclei located?
Hypothalamus
78
Where is the cerebral peduncle located?
Midbrain
79
Where is the nucleus basalis located?
Basal Forebrain
80
Where is the cornu ammonis located?
Hippocampus
81
Where is the ventral striatum located?
Basal ganglia
82
Where is the tegmentum located?
Midbrain
83
Where is the globus pallidus located?
Basal ganglia
84
Where is the entorhinal cortex located?
Medial temporal lobe
85
Where is the putamen located?
Basal ganglia
86
Where is the cingulate gyrus located?
Limbic system
87
Where is the caudate nucleus located?
Basal ganglia

PSYC270 (6 decks)

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