CNS Overview

Question 1

Main parts of the CNS

Answer 1

• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Ventricles and meninges

Question 2

Main parts of the brain

Answer 2

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem

Question 3

Parts of the Cerebrum

Answer 3

• Cerebral hemispheres(2)

- Diencephalon

Question 4

Parts of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 4

• Cerebral cortex

- Subcortical gray matter

Question 5

parts of the diencephalon

Answer 5

Epithalamus, Thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus

Question 6

parts of the brainstem

Answer 6

• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla

Question 7

Gyrus

Answer 7

A ridge on the cerebrum

Question 8

Sulcus

Answer 8

Groove between ridges

Question 9

Fissure

Answer 9

A very deep sulcus

Question 10

Cerebrum(how its divided)

Answer 10

• There are 2 cerebral hemispheres(Halves)

- each hemisphere is divided into 4-5 anatomical lobes

Question 11

Cerebral hemisphere lobes

Answer 11

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 12

Central sulcus

Answer 12

Divides the frontal from the parietal lobe

Question 13

Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

Answer 13

Separates the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 14

Parietooccipial sulcus

Answer 14

separates occipital from from the parietal lobe

Question 15

corpus callosum

Answer 15

Major axonal bundles joining 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

major fossae of the cranial cavity

Answer 16

• Anterior cranial fossa
• Middle cranial fossa
• Posterior cranial fossa

Question 17

Anterior cranial fossa

Answer 17

• Above the orbit and nasal cavity

- Filled by the frontal lobe

Question 18

Middle Cranial fossa

Answer 18

Contains the temporal lobe

Question 19

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 19

• Largest and deepest of the fossa

- contains the cerebellum and brainstem

Question 20

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 20

Extension of the dura mater that is superior to the cerebellum and inferior to the occipital lobe

Question 21

Bones of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 21

• Frontal bone
• Ethmoid bone
• Sphenoid bone

Question 22

Bones of the Middle cranial fossa

Answer 22

• Sphenoid bone

- Temporal bone

Question 23

Bones of the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 23

• Sphenoid bone
• Temporal bone
• Occipital bone

Question 24

Cerebral cortex (general)

Answer 24

layers of neurons on the outside of the cerebrum

-6 layers(neocortex) numbered from outside- in

Question 25

Gray matter

Answer 25

Neuronal cell bodies in CNS

Question 26

White matter

Answer 26

Formed by the axons

Question 27

Nissil stain

Answer 27

Stains neuronal cell bodies

Question 28

Myelin stain

Answer 28

stains myelinated axons

Question 29

Gray matter and white matter location in the cerebrum

Answer 29

Gray matter comprises of most of the outer surface(cerebral cortex) White matter comprises most of the interior.

Question 30

Corona radiata

Answer 30

The white matter immediately deep to the gray matter that radiates and fans out like a "crown"

Question 31

Internal capsule(Location)

Answer 31

- Deep to the corona radiata | - What matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus

Question 32

Internal capsule(regions)

Answer 32

- Anterior limb - Posterior limb - Genu - Retrolenticular - Sublenticular

Question 33

Cerebral cortex organication

Answer 33

It is highly organized -Information is first processed by the primary sensory cortices then travels to association cortices where integration occurs.

Question 34

What structure does the thalamus form?

Answer 34

The third ventricle walls are formed by the thalamus | Can be seen on a mid saggittal view

Question 35

Thalamus

Answer 35

- Bilateral and highly organized | - Made up of many nuclei

Question 36

"Gateway" to the cerebral cortex(what is it and why is it called this)

Answer 36

The Thalamus - It is called the gateway because mjority of the sensory and motor pathways relay at the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex. - Also many coritcal regions send projections back to the thalamus

Question 37

Hypothalamus

Answer 37

Important in maintaining the internal environment in a physiological range(promotes maintenance of homeostasis) -Comprised of many nulcei

Question 38

Cerebellum

Answer 38

"Little brain" - Receives extensive sensory input - Projects to the subcortical structures and indirectly to the coritcal regions - Influences motor cognitive, and behavioral functions

Question 39

Brain stem main parts

Answer 39

``` (Rostal to caudal) Midbrain Pons Medulla (each can be divided into caudal and rostral aspects) ```

Question 40

Spinal cord

Answer 40

Rostral spinal cord is continuous with the caudal medulla | -Spinal nerves emerge to form peripheral nerves that carry seonsory/motor information to/from the CNS(respectively)

Question 41

What kind of neurons are sensory neurons?

Answer 41

Psuedounipolar

Question 42

Ipsilateral

Answer 42

Same side

Question 43

Contralateral

Answer 43

opposite side

Question 44

Bilateral

Answer 44

On both sides

Question 45

Unilateral

Answer 45

on one side

Question 46

The ventricles (list and function)

Answer 46

- Lateral ventricles(one on each side,2 total) - 3rd ventricle - Cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle - Central canal of the spinal cord

Question 47

3rd Ventricle

Answer 47

Joins the two lateral ventricles

Question 48

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 48

A duct that joins the 3rd and 4th ventricle going caudally

Question 49

4th ventricle

Answer 49

posterior to the pons

Question 50

Meninges(list parts)

Answer 50

- Dura mater - Arachnoid - Pia mater

Question 51

Dura mater

Answer 51

Covers the outside of the brain. Does NOT go into the sulci Thickest/toughest layer opaque

Question 52

Arachnoid

Answer 52

Middle layer Thin and transparent Does NOT go into the sulci

Question 53

Pia mater

Answer 53

Internal layer adheres to the brain(cannot peel it off without damaging the tissue) Dips into the sulci