cns part 2 patho Flashcards
t/f: seizures are more of a symptom than a diagnosis
true
what can happen if antiseizure drugs don’t cross the BBB
redirect to other electrical site = the heart + affect heart rhythms
action potentials are initiated by
influx of Na, K, Ca
glutamate
T for excitation
GABA
T for inducing sleep
levels of glutamate and GABA during seizure?
glutamate: high
GABA: low
partial seizure (consciousness?)
one part of the brain hemisphere
- may/may not have loss of consciousness
simple partial seizure
no loss of consciousness, memory preserved
- hallucinations
- auras
- ringing in ears
complex partial seizure
loss of consciousness, may/may not have memory
generalized seizure
entire brain has electrical problem
absent seizures (petit mal)
-Peds?
-duration?
no tremors, no jerkiness, no memory (pt is absent)
- Peds: eyelids twitch + flutter
- lasts for 2 seconds or longer
tonic clonic seizures (grand mal)
- duration
- nursing priority
no memory, rigid then convulsions, loss of consciousness
-> can lose control of bladder and bowel
-if longer than 30min = status epilepticus emergency
- nursing priority = keep pt safe as possible
status epilepticus
med emergency when tonic clonic seizures last longer than 30min
unclassified seizure
febrile induced or septic induced
what does it mean when a pt has septic induced seizure?
sepsis reached that CNS
goals of seizure tx
allow pt to live as normal as possible with acceptable side effects
- most will be on seizure meds the rest of their lives
t/f: toxic AND subtherapeutic levels will both be bad for seizure meds
true
lots of electrical impulse changes –> nurses need to monitor for
depression and anxiety
stage 1 of sleep
light sleep, slow muscle twitch
stage 2 of sleep
HR + RR slow, decreased temp
stage 3 of sleep
deep sleep, brain = slow delta waves
stage 4 of sleep
very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, delta waves
stage 5 of sleep
REM sleep, brainwaves faster, dreams, RR rapid and shallow
narcolepsy
disorder where indiv falls asleep at inappropriate times
