CNS Stimulants-Pechnick

Question 1

Which drugs are Methylxanthines?

Answer 1

1. Caffeine
2. Theophylline
3. Theobromine

Question 2

Caffeine

Answer 2

• Antagonist at adenosine receptors
• Produces CNS and sympathetic system stimulation
• Quinolone type antibiotics can inhibit metabolism
• Caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of clozapine, olanzapine and fluvoxamine

Question 3

Which drugs are psychomotor stimulants (aka sympathomimetics)?

Answer 3

1. Amphetamine
2. Dextroamphetamine
3. Methamphetamine

Question 4

What are some pharmacologic effects of psychomotor stimulants?

Answer 4

• MOA is indirect (increases release and blocks reuptake of NE, DA and 5HT)
• Most CNS effects are produced by increasing release of dopamine
• Peripheral SE due to NE

Question 5

What are some clinical uses of psychomotor stimulants?

Answer 5

• ADHD and narcolepsy

- Not effective for long-term weight loss

Question 6

What are some SE of psychomotor stimulants?

Answer 6

• Chronic use can lead to paranoid psychosis

- CNS and CV effects

Question 7

Which drugs can increase the effects of amphetamine?

Answer 7

MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants

Question 8

Methylphenidate

Answer 8

• Blocks DA reuptake
• Fewer peripheral and CV SEs than amphetamine
• BBW: chronic, abusive use can lead to tolerance, dependence and psychosis; don’t give to ppl w/hx of drug abuse

Question 9

Pemoline

Answer 9

• Blocks DA reuptake

- BBW: associated w/life-threatening hepatic failure and NOT considered first line therapy for ADHD

Question 10

Cocaine

Answer 10

• Indirect MOA (blocks reuptake of NE, DA and 5HT; blocks Na channels)
• Only use is local anesthetic

Question 11

What is a problem with caffeine use that goes frequently unnoticed?

Answer 11

Withdrawal! HAs, crankiness, etc.