Intro to Psych Flashcards
What are the 5 axis for DSM IV? Give examples of each
Axis I: Clinical Syndromes (depression, schizophrenia)
Axis II: Mental retardation and Personality Disorders (clinical syndromes with long lasting symptoms that encompass the individual’s way of interacting with the world)
Axis III: Physical Conditions which play a role in the development, continuance or exacerbation of Axis I and II (brain injury or HIV)
Axis IV: Severity of Psychosocial and Environmental Stressors (list and rate these stressors) (death of family members, illness of children, marriage, difficulty with interpersonal relationships)
Axis V: Highest level of functioning using the Global assessment of functioning (GAF) –> scale 0-100 (give both highest over the past year and current)
When did antipsychotic drugs become available? What did this lead to?
the 1950’s
movement towards deinstitutionalization
What brain surgery is thought to be beneficial in the treatment of OCD?
cingulotomy
What is gamma knife surgery?
a procedure in which a finely focused beam of gamma radiation with minimal effect on the surrounding normal tissue is used to treat lesions that were either inaccessible or treated unsuccessfully by other surgery or radiation
there is minimal CSF leakage or hemorrhage
How does vagal nerve stimulation work?
Vagus is thought to carry a lot of afferent stimulation to the brain that are thought to be implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy and depression.
It would be a portal to the brainstem and connected limbic and cortical regions
What are some side effects of vagal nerve stimulation?
temporary hoarseness/changes in voice tone
cough
tickle in throat
shortness of breath
What has transcranial magnetic stimulation been approved to treat? What are some side effects?
Depression
Common side effects:
Headache
Scalp discomfort at the site of stimulation
Tingling, spasms or twitching of facial muscles
Lightheadedness
Discomfort from noise during treatment
Uncommon side effects:
Seizures
Mania, particularly in people with bipolar disorder
Hearing loss due to inadequate ear protection during treatment
How can Botox affect mood?
a single treatment with Botox can induce a significant and sustained antidepressant effect due to the inability to contract the corrugator and procures mm.
Can tylenol ease psychological pain?
? he said this would be on the final
What is the correlation between pregnant women who take tylenol and ADHD in their children? Why is this suspected?
children whose mothers took tylenol during pregnancy were 13-37% more likely to later be diagnosed with ADHD (and even more the longer tylenol was taken into pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters))
Acetaminophen can disrupt hormones (in animals) and abnormal hormonal exposures in pregnancy might influence brain development
What do the retinal venules of schizophrenic patients look like?
They are wider than usual
there might be some injury or inflammation at a young age which leads to this
