CNS, the Orbit, and Major Plexi Anatomy

Question 1

function CN-1

Answer 1

olfactory

Question 2

foramen CN-1

Answer 2

cribriform plate, go straight forward

Question 3

how to test CN-1

Answer 3

identify common odors

Question 4

function CN-II

Answer 4

optic

Question 5

foramen CN-II

Answer 5

optic canal, forms an X

Question 6

how to test CN-II

Answer 6

visual field, acuity, pupillary reflex

Question 7

function CN-III

Answer 7

oculomotor, innervates most eye muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, eyelid, pupil, lens

Question 8

foramen CN-III

Answer 8

superior orbital fissure

Question 9

how to test CN-III

Answer 9

pupil constriction, H pattern

Question 10

function CN-IV

Answer 10

trochlear, innervates superior oblique

Question 11

foramen CN-IV

Answer 11

superior orbital fissure

Question 12

how to test CN-IV

Answer 12

H pattern

Question 13

function CN-V

Answer 13

trigeminal (WHY IS THIS NOT 3 THAT IS SO ANNOYING); sensorimotor to face; ophthalmic

Question 14

foramen CN-V

Answer 14

opthalmic = superior orbital fissure
maxillary = foramen rotundum
mandibular = foramen ovale

Question 15

how to test CN-V

Answer 15

touch, pain, eye touch, teeth contraction

Question 16

function CN-VI

Answer 16

abductens; innervates lateral rectus; defect = lazy eye

Question 17

foramen CN-VI

Answer 17

superior orbital fissure

Question 18

how to test CN-VI

Answer 18

H pattern

Question 19

function CN-VII

Answer 19

face motor, some sensory, taste, tears, spit

Question 20

foramen CN-VII

Answer 20

internal acoustic meatus

Question 21

how to test CN-VII

Answer 21

taste discrimination, facial weakness, eyelid reflex (to light touch)

Question 22

function CN-VIII

Answer 22

vestibulocochlear; balance, eye movements (vestibular); hearing (cochlear)

Question 23

foramen CN-VIII

Answer 23

internal acoustic meatus

Question 24

how to test CN-VIII

Answer 24

hearing loss, vertigo

Question 25

function CN-IX

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal, taste, sinus, nasal/oral pharynx

Question 26

foramen CN-IX

Answer 26

jugular

Question 27

how to test CN-IX

Answer 27

gag reflex

Question 28

function CN-X

Answer 28

vagus, thoracic, abdominal, larynx, pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus

Question 29

foramen CN-X

Answer 29

jugular

Question 30

how to test CN-X

Answer 30

swallowing, speaking, gag reflex, say "ahh"

Question 31

function CN-XI

Answer 31

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motor

Question 32

foramen CN-XI

Answer 32

jugular

Question 33

how to test CN-XI

Answer 33

weakness turning head or shrugging shoulders

Question 34

function CN-XII

Answer 34

tongue motor

Question 35

foramen CN-XII

Answer 35

hypoglossal canal

Question 36

how to test CN-XII

Answer 36

stick out tongue (deviation, atrophy, fasciculations)

Question 37

nerves _____ exit above respective vertebrae while remaining exit below vertebrae

Answer 37

C1-C7

Question 38

terminal end of spinal cord

Answer 38

conus medularis, which then continues into the filium terminae (which is pia mater), which then branches into roots called cauda equina (looks like horse tail)

Question 39

conus medularis is located _____ and continues into the _____

Answer 39

terminal end of spinal cord, filium terminae and then cauda equina

Question 40

where is lp done and why

Answer 40

lp is done in space between L3 and L4. By this point spinal cord has terminated but cauda equina (nerve roots, which, like all nerve routes, run through subarachnoid space, which contains csf) continues. below spinal cord so damage is unlikely.

Question 41

dorsal root contains ____ (motor/sensory) fibers while ventral root is _____

Answer 41

dorsal = sensory (SAD) ventral = motor (VROOM VROOM) both have both visceral and somatic

Question 42

roots split (motor) or coalesce (sensory) into ____

Answer 42

rootlets

Question 43

dorsal ramus usually innervates ____ while ventral usually innervates ____

Answer 43

``` dorsal = back ventral = rest of body ```

Question 44

thoracic nerves usually innervate _____ while cervical innervate ____ and lumbar innervate ____

Answer 44

``` thoracic = intercostal muscles cervical = cervical and brachial plexus lumbar = lumbar and sacral plexus ```

Question 45

structures found in DRG

Answer 45

cell bodies of spinal nerves ...

Question 46

dorsal ramus contains ___ fibers while ventral ramus contains ___

Answer 46

both contain both motor and sensory nerve fibers

Question 47

what two structures come together to form spinal nerve

Answer 47

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 48

what two structures emerge from spinal nerve

Answer 48

dorsal and ventral rami

Question 49

cervical, brachial, lumbar plexi are ____ (visceral/somatic)

Answer 49

somatic

Question 50

what fills epidural space

Answer 50

csf

Question 51

what fills subarachnoid space

Answer 51

csf

Question 52

what courses through optic canal?

Answer 52

``` optic nerve (CN2) ophthalmic artery ```

Question 53

what courses through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 53

CN3 through 6 (only V1 of trigeminal) | ophthalmic vein

Question 54

superior oblique innervation

Answer 54

CN4 trochlear

Question 55

superior rectus innervation

Answer 55

CN3 occulomotor

Question 56

medial rectus innervation

Answer 56

CN3 occulomotor

Question 57

lateral rectus innervation

Answer 57

CN6

Question 58

inferior rectus innervation

Answer 58

CN3 occulomotor

Question 59

inferior oblique innervation

Answer 59

CN3 occulomotor

Question 60

ophthalmic artery is a branch of ___, has a branch named ____ that courses through CN2, located near ___, and that's important because...

Answer 60

located near medial side of orbit

Question 61

ophthalmic veins connect to ___

Answer 61

facial veins and veins inside skull

Question 62

type of fibers in cardiac plexus

Answer 62

visceral motor sympathetic visceral motor parasympathetic visceral sensory

Question 63

what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to cardiac plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 63

CN10 vagus, preganglionic

Question 64

what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to cardiac plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 64

sympathetic chain, postganglionic

Question 65

type of fibers in pulmonary plexus

Answer 65

visceral motor sympathetic visceral motor parasympathetic visceral sensory

Question 66

what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to pulmonary plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 66

CN10 vagus, preganglionic

Question 67

what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to pulmonary plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 67

sympathetic chain, postganglionic

Question 68

types of fibers in esophageal plexus

Answer 68

visceral motor sympathetic visceral motor parasympathetic visceral sensory

Question 69

what nerves bring parasympathetic fibers to esophageal plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 69

CN10 vagus, preganglionic

Question 70

what nerves bring sympathetic fibers to esophageal plexus and are they pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 70

sympathetic chain, postganglionic

Question 71

what ventral rami form the lumbar plexus?

Answer 71

L1-L4

Question 72

what is innervated by lumbar plexus

Answer 72

lower extremities

Question 73

types of fibers in lumbar plexus

Answer 73

somatic motor somatic sensory sympathetic visceral motor (to blood vessels)

Question 74

what ventral rami form the brachial plexus

Answer 74

C5-T1

Question 75

what is innervated by brachial plexus

Answer 75

upper extremities

Question 76

types of fibers in brachial plexus

Answer 76

somatic sensory somatic motor sympathetic visceral motor (to blood vessels)

Question 77

where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

Answer 77

ventral horn of grey matter in spinal cord

Question 78

where are cell bodies of somatic sensory neurons

Answer 78

dorsal root ganglia

Question 79

where are cell bodies of sympathetic motor neurons

Answer 79

sympathetic chain