Coag Test and Fibrinolysis - Lect

Question 1

tilt tube method is the principle behind?

Answer 1

APTT and PT

Question 2

this method requires gentle tilting of the tube back and forth at the rate of about once per second until a fibrin web is formed.

Answer 2

tilt tube method

Question 3

wire loop technique is the principle behind?

Answer 3

clot retraction method

Question 4

wire loop technique uses __ materia

Answer 4

nichrome

Question 5

wire loop technique employs the use of a wire loop that is passed through the mixture at the ___ until a formed clot adheres to the loop.

Answer 5

rate of two sweeps per second

Question 6

enumerate the manual techniques

Answer 6

tilt tube method and wire loop technique

Question 7

enumerate the automated techniques

Answer 7

moving probe and optical density

Question 8

this technique is immersed in the mixture that is triggered by clot formation

Answer 8

moving probe

Question 9

this technique detects clot when it is formed in the mixture.

Answer 9

optical density

Question 10

most common technique in automated devices and the one being measured in a turbid mixture to detect the rate of the formed clot.

Answer 10

optical density

Question 11

enumerate the tests under secondary hemostasis

Answer 11

lee and white clotting time and slide method

Question 12

lee and white clotting time screen secondary hemostasis, the ___ pathway

Answer 12

extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

Question 13

principle of lee and white method

Answer 13

Expose blood to a negatively charged surface (glass)

Question 14

normal value of lee and white

Answer 14

5-15 mins

Question 15

normal value of slide method

Answer 15

4-10 mins

Question 16

sensitivity of slide method clotting time

Answer 16

intrinsic pathway factors

Question 17

this method is the surface of the glass tube initiates the clotting process. Fibrin string presence indicates clot formation.

Answer 17

clotting time - slide method

Question 18

PT measures the __

Answer 18

extrinsic and common pathway

Question 19

APTT measures the __ and common pathway except ___ and __

Answer 19

intrinsic and common pathway except factor XIII and platelets

Question 20

PT monitors?

Answer 20

coumadin therapy

Question 21

sample used for PT

Answer 21

citrated plasma - platelet poor plasma

Question 22

sample used for APTT

Answer 22

citrated plasma - platelet poor plasma

Question 23

nv of PT

Answer 23

10-15 secs

Question 24

reagent used in PT

Answer 24

Tissue Thromboplastin, 0.025 M CaCl Solution

Question 25

APTT monitors the?

Answer 25

heparin therapy

Question 26

reagent used in APTT

Answer 26

Partial Thromboplastin (substitute for platelet), CaCl, Activators

Question 27

activators used in APTTT

Answer 27

Kaolin, Ellagic acid, Celite, Silica

Question 28

Abnormal results from both indicates problem in the __

Answer 28

common pathway

Question 29

the one that binds with calcium to form insoluble complexes—inhibits calcium since the rest of the cascade requires calcium

Answer 29

sodium citrate

Question 30

calcium chloride substitutes calcium that is being ___ .

Answer 30

inhibited or precipitated by the anticoagulant

Question 31

substitute for collagen

Answer 31

activators

Question 32

Thrombin time measures functional fibrinogen availability or decreased amount of _____ (75-100 mg/dL).

Answer 32

Fibrinogenemia or Dysfribrinogenemia

Question 33

drawback of TT

Answer 33

prolonged in patients undergoing Heparin Therapy

Question 34

measured thrombin is added to plasma and time for fibrin clot formation is recorded

Answer 34

thrombin time

Question 35

nv of TT

Answer 35

10-14 secs (brown)

Question 36

same as thrombin but not affected by heparin

Answer 36

reptilase time

Question 37

an enzyme found in the Bothrops atrox Snake venom that can convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin.

Answer 37

reptilase (atroxin)

Question 38

reagent for RT

Answer 38

atroxin

Question 39

nv of RT

Answer 39

10-15 secs

Question 40

sytpven time is also known as __

Answer 40

russell's viper venom time

Question 41

stypven time used to detect common pathway deficiencies in the Factors ___

Answer 41

X, V, II, and I

Question 42

Stypven is a thromboplastin-like substance that activates __

Answer 42

factor X

Question 43

principle: Stypven is a thromboplastin-like substance that activates factor X. When this substance is added to plasma together with ____, coagulation will activate and time is recorded until clot is formed.

Answer 43

platelin (platelet substitute) and CaCl

Question 44

nv of stypven time

Answer 44

6-10 secs

Question 45

ducker's test is also known as

Answer 45

5m urea solubility test

Question 46

ducker's test detects ___ deficiency

Answer 46

factor XIII

Question 47

principle of ducker's test

Answer 47

clot formed after coagulation is added with 5M urea.

Question 48

reagent used in ducker's test

Answer 48

5M Urea or 1% monochloroacetic Acid and 2% acetic acid

Question 49

nv of ducker's test

Answer 49

Insoluble clot formation after 24 hours

Question 50

substitute for 5m urea in ducker's test

Answer 50

1% monocholoacetic acid and 2% acetic acid

Question 51

last step of coagulation cascade

Answer 51

fibrinolysis

Question 52

a protein that breakdowns the clots

Answer 52

plasmin

Question 53

it is the systemic, accelerating fibrin hydrolysis by plasmin.

Answer 53

fibrinolysis

Question 54

Plasminogen is the inactivated form of plasmin by ___ / ___.

Answer 54

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) / Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (u-PA)

Question 55

regulates the balance of plasminogen activation so that not all plasminogen will be converted to plasmin.

Answer 55

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Question 56

regulates the balance of plasminogen activation so that not all plasminogen will be converted to plasmin.

Answer 56

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

Question 57

Plasmin degrades __, remodels ___ and promotes cell migration which is actually for the purpose of healing the injured area.

Answer 57

fibrin, remodels extracellular matrix (ECM),

Question 58

enuemerate the proteins necessary in the fibrinolysis

Answer 58

- plasminogen - tissue plasminogen activator - urokinase - plasminogen activator inhibitor - 1 - a2-antiplamsin - thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

Question 59

inactive form of plasmin

Answer 59

serine protease zygomen

Question 60

PLASMINOGEN Serine Protease Zymogen: plasmin is the active form which digests __ and __.

Answer 60

fibrin and Fibrinogen

Question 61

a protein secreted by the endothelium and activates plasminogen

Answer 61

tissue plasminogen activator

Question 62

protein secreted by kidneys and activates plasminogen

Answer 62

urokinase

Question 63

protein/s that activates plasminogen

Answer 63

tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase

Question 64

a protein from endothelium and inhibits TPA

Answer 64

plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

Question 65

a protein that inhibits plasmin

Answer 65

a2-antiplasmin

Question 66

a protein that suppresses fibrinolysis

Answer 66

thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

Question 67

fibrinolysis process

Answer 67

The fibrin formed is composed of 2 domains: D and E 2. Plasminogen in plasma is activaed by TPA and urokinase into active enzyme called plasmin. 3. Plasmin, then cleaves the peptide bonds on the arginine and lysine amino acid that connects the two domains. 4. The digested fibrin will then form the fibrin degradation products (FDPS) namely: a. Fragment X (D-E-D) b. Fragment Y (D-E) c. Fragment D, E d. fragment D-D

Question 68

the one measured and test that correspond to active fibrinolysis such as in patients with DIC where __ are elevated.

Answer 68

D-dimer