coagulation cascade

Question 1

WHAT’S IN BLOOD:

% of blood in body
% of plasma:
what is in plasma?
% of formed elements:
what is in formed elements?

Answer 1

8%
55%
proteins, water, other solutes
45%
platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes

Question 2

PLASMA

mostly _____
______ # of proteins
a. ______ & _______
b. clotting proteins or ________
_____ also contained within plasma
________ is plasma ______ clotting factors
________ + _________ = plasma
plasma proteins are formed in the ______.

Answer 2

mostly WATER
LARGE # of proteins
a. ALBUMIN & GLOBULINS
albumin is 57% or plasma proteins
b. CLOTTING FACTORS
ELECTROLYTES also contained within plasma
SERUM is plasma WITHOUT clotting factors
SERUM + CLOTTING FACTORS = plasma
LIVER

Question 3

cell components of blood

Answer 3

erythrocyte, leukocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte/macrophage, lymphocyte, natural killer cells, platelet

Question 4

PLATELETS

not _____ cells
contain cytoplasmic granules which can release ________, _____, & _____, when they sense a vessel injury
normal platelet count:
thrombocytopenia:
additional platelets stored in _____.
made in ______.

Answer 4

not TRUE cells
adhesive proteins, coagulation, & growth factors
150,000-400,000/mm^3
< 100,000/mm^3
additional platelets stored in SPLEEN
made in BONE MARROW

Question 5

PLATELET FX

initially circulate freely in ______ state
what type of platelet is this?
damage to blood vessel _________
which type of platelet forms?
1. increased platelet ______
2. activation leading to _______
3. ______ as platelet-vascular wall & platelet-platelet adherence ______
4. _____ of clotting system

Answer 5

initially circulate freely in UNACTIVATED state
SMOOTH platelet
damage to blood vessel INITIATES PLATELET AGGREGATION
SPIKY
1. increased platelet ADHESION
2. activation leading to PLATELET DEGRANULATION
3. AGGREGATION as platelet-vascular wall & platelet-platelet adherence INCREASES
4. ACTIVATION of clotting system

Question 6

CLOTTING CASCADE

groups of proteins that when activated form a _______
activated by _____ or ______
blood clot:
what is the primary activator of a blood clot?
what do clots do?
end goal:

Answer 6

groups of proteins that when activated for a BLOOD CLOT
activated by TISSUE INJURY or INFECTION
blood clot: meshwork of fibrin strands & platelets
PLATELETS
plug damaged vessel & stops bleeding
fibrin strands connected together to form a blockage/tight meshwork of a clot

Question 7

FX OF CLOTTING FACTORS

blood clot is a meshwork of protein strands that _____ the platelet plug and ____ other cells.
protein strands are made of _____ & are produced by ______.
initiated through ______ & _____ pathways.
what protein is very active in the intrinsic pathway & a target of medication?

Answer 7

blood clot is a meshwork of protein strands that STABILIZE the platelet plug & TRAP other cells.
protein strands are made of FIBRIN & are produced by the COAGULATION CASCADE.
initiated through INTRINSIC & EXTRINSIC pathways.
thrombin.

Question 8

STOP THE CLOT

______ is a circulating inhibitor of thrombin
_______ inhibits _____
issues with stopping a clot can result in _____.

Answer 8

ANTI-THROMBIN III is a circulating inhibitor of thrombin
TISSUE FACTOR PATHWAY INHIBITOR (TFPI) inhibits FACTOR Xa
bleeding disorders

Question 9

REMOVAL OF CLOT

breakdown carried out by the _______.
fibrinolysis is initiated by binding of ______ to ______.
____ initiates intravascular fibrinolysis, while _____ is the major activator of fibrinolysis in tissues.
______ digests ____ into smaller soluble pieces.

Answer 9

breakdown carried out by the FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM.
fibrinolysis is initiated by binding of PLASMINOGEN to FIBRIN.
t-PA initiates intravascular fibrinolysis while u-PA is the major activator of fibrinolysis in tissues.
PLASMIN digests FIBRIN into smaller soluble peices.